| Sumerian Name | Explanation | Akkadian Name |
| An | sky god, cult center: Uruk | Anu or Anum |
| Antu | wife of An | Antum |
| Abzu | underground fresh water, the abyss | Apsu |
| Dumuzi | "Steadfast Child," erstwhile husband of Inanna, god of vegetation and cattle | Tammuz or Adonis |
| Enki | "Lord Earth," fresh water of the earth, god of intelligence and wisdom, arts and crafts, trickster, cult center: Eridu, spouse of Damkina | Ea |
| Enlil | "Lord Wind," ruler of earth, cult center: Nippur, spouse of Ninlil | Ellil |
| Ereshkigal | queen of the netherworld | --- |
| Inanna | "Queen of Heaven," daughter of An, goddess of love, sex and war, cult centers: Uruk and Kish | Ishtar |
| --- | son of Ea, cult center: Babylon | Marduk |
| --- | son of Marduk, god of wisdom, patron of scribes, cult center: Borsippa | Nabu |
| Nanna | moon god, father of Utu, cult centers: Ur, Harran | Sin |
| Nergal | god of plagues, death, and war, spouse of Ereshkigal, cult center: Mashkan-shapir | Erra |
| Ningal | "Great Lady," wife of Nanna, mother of Utu, cult center Ur | --- |
| Ninhursag | mother-goddess | Belet-ili, Aruru |
| Ninlil | "Lady Wind," wife of Enlil, cult center: Nippur | Mullitu/Mylitta |
| Ninurta | "Lord Earth," son of Enlil, god of war, hunt, and justice, cult center: Nippur | --- |
| Nisaba | cereal goddess, patroness of writing, goddess of science | --- |
| Utu | sun god, son of Nanna, father of laws, arbiter of justice; cult centers: Sippar, Larsa | Shamash |
| Ziusudra | "Life of Distant Days" (Sum.), "I have found Life" or "Exceedingly Wise"(Akkad.), survivor of the Flood | Utnapishtim or Atrahasis |