History 270
Introduction to Ancient Egypt

Working list: Classroom Visuals

    Themes and Topics
  1. Maps of Egypt and Nubia
  2. Land and Environment: Egypt and Nubia
  3. Historiography and Methods
  4. Language and Writing
  5. Egyptian Society and Social Structure
  6. Egyptian History: Predynastic and Archaic Periods
  7. Egyptian History: Old Kingdom and 1st Intermediate Period
  8. Egyptian History: Middle Kingdom and 2nd Intermediate Period
  9. Egyptian History: New Kingdom (Incl. Amarna Period)
  10. Egyptian History: Post-New Kingdom


    MAPS OF EGYPT AND NUBIA

      Egypt
    1. Map of Egypt (color)
    2. Map of Egypt (black & white--for printing)
    3. Map: The Nile River Basin (sources of the Nile inundation)
    4. Map: Comparative Areas, Egypt and the U.S.
    5. Map of Modern Egypt (CIA)

    6. Reconstruction: Egyptian world view (color)
    7. Reconstruction: Egyptian world view--with Egyptian place names (color)
    8. Map: The nomes of Upper and Lower Egypt (b/w) Nome boundaries conjectured and standardized.
    9. Map: The nomes of the Delta (Lower Egypt) Exact nome boundaries unclear.
    10. Map: The nomes of Upper Egypt (color) Nome boundaries conjectured and standardized.

    11. Maps: Predynastic Egypt, Distribution of Sites across Periods
    12. Map: Three Proto-kingdoms of Upper Egypt (prior to the political consolidation of Upper Egypt under Hierakonpolis)

    13. Map: Pyramid-temple estates of King Snefru Locations of estates (pious foundations) throughout the country in relation to the pyramid and temple at Dahshur
    14. Map: Egyptian Delta in the Middle Kingdom
    15. Map: Egyptian Empire, New Kingdom
    16. Map: Invasion routes of the Sea People through the Near East

      Nubia
    1. Map: Ancient Nubia
    2. Map: Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Amenemhat I
    3. Map: Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Sesostris III
    4. Map: Second Intermediate Period Political Kingdoms along the Nile River


    LAND AND ENVIRONMENT: EGYPT

    1. Drawing: Phases of the Sahara Desert, 120,000 BC to Present (color)
    2. Photo: Views of the Nile Delta from Space

    3. Drawing: Topographical Cross-section of the Nile Valley (color)
    4. Schematic Drawing: Nile Flood Plain, 3,500 B.C., Plan and Section (color)

    5. Photo: Pyramid of Medum and the Edge of the Cultivation
    6. Photo (Quicktime): West Bank of Thebes
    7. Photo: Panorama of West Bank of Thebes

    8. Schematic Plan: Overview of Basin irrigation system: basins and canals (color)
    9. Reconstruction: Basin irrigation system--low water prior to inundation (color)
    10. Reconstruction: Basin irrigation system--opening the feeder canals (color)
    11. Reconstruction: Basin irrigation system--high water level (color)
    12. Animation: Basin System at Work (P. Piccione)
    13. Aerial Photo: Nile Inundation at Giza
    14. Photo: Nile Inundation near Giza Pyramids
    15. Aerial Photo: Nile Inundation at Dahshur (with island-village)

    16. Photo: Nile River, Low Water in Winter (Upper Egypt, facing northwest)
    17. Photo: Nile River, First Cataract, South of Aswan (color)
    18. Panoramic Photo: Nile River, Second Cataract and Environs, AD 1890 (b/w)

    19. Photo: Irrigation scene with shaduf: tomb of Ipuy (W. Thebes)
    20. Photo and Drawing: Comparison of ancient and modern shadufs, AD 1890 and tomb of Ipuy (14th century BC)


    HISTORIOGRAPHY AND METHODS

    1. Sources and Approaches to the Study of Egyptian Culture
    2. Photo: Archaeological Survey: Mapping the Giza Plateau (O.I. Giza Plateau Mapping Project)
    3. Photo: Epigraphy, Copying Wall Inscriptions in a Theban Tomb (Theban Tombs Publication Project)
    4. Photo: Epigraphy, Copying Column Inscriptions in the temple of Luxor (O.I. Epigraphic Survey, Chicago House)
    5. Photo: Epigraphy, Photographing Wall Inscriptions in a Theban Tomb (Theban Tombs Publication Project)


    CREATION MYTHOLOGIES AND COSMOLOGIES

    1. Chart: Egyptian Cosmogony of Heliopolis
    2. Photo (composite): Shabaka Stone: Memphite Theology
    3. Photo: Wall Painting of Ra in boat (tomb of Sennedjem)
    4. Photo: Statuette of Tutankhamun as Nefertem
    5. Photo: Statuette of Ptah (Tutankhamun)
    6. Drawing: Egyptian Conception of Cosmos (plan)
    7. Drawing from papyrus: Shu (air) Separates Geb (earth) from Nut (sky)
    8. Drawing: Schematic Conception of Heaven, Earth and Netherworld (elevation)


    LANGUAGE AND WRITING

    1. Chart: Afro-Asiatic Languages
    2. Map: Distribution of Afro-Asiatic Languages
    3. Rosetta Stone, Ptolemy IV Epiphanes, 196 BC
    4. First Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Ivory Tags, Abydos, Dynasty 0, Tomb of King Scorpion
    5. Last Egyptian Hieroglyphs: Invocation to Merwel (Mandulis), Temple of Philae
    6. Egyptian Stela of Raneb
    7. Egyptian Stela of Senu (MMA)
    8. Photo and Drawing: Ancient Geological Map: Mines and Quarries of the Wadi Hammamat and Wadi Hammama, New Kingdom, Turin Museum (reconstructed drawing on modern papyrus)


    EGYPTIAN SOCIETY AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE

    1. Graph: Population of the Nile Valley, 5000 BC - AD 1000 (hypothetical)
    2. Chart: Hypothetical Demographic Development in Ancient Egypt (by Region), 4000 BC - 150 BC

    3. Drawing: Schematic View of the Egyptian Civil (Solar) Calendar
    4. Chart: Rate of Daily Slippage between Egyptian Solar Calendar (365 days) and Lunar Calendar (354 days)
    5. Chart: Comparison of Months of the Solar and Lunar Calendars with Coptic Month-names
    6. Chart: The Sothic Cycle Resulting from Daily Slippage between Solar Year (365 days) and Sidereal (Natural) Year (365.25 days)

    7. Diagram: Structure of Egyptian society: King as focus of society, around whom orbit the social classes


    EGYPTIAN HISTORY: PREDYNASTIC AND ARCHAIC PERIODS

    1. Drawing: Ivory Knife-handle, Gebel el-Arak, Egypt. Mesopotamian motives: master of animals (= Sumerian en) and preying animals, and Mesopotamian-like ships with upraised prows and sterns
    2. Drawing: Ivory Knife-handle, Gebel el-Tarif, Egypt. Mesopotamian motives: entwined serpents, rosettes, winged griffin, and preying animals
    3. Drawing: Scorpion Macehead, Hierakonpolis. Relief depicting King Scorpion of Hierakonpolis in the ritual of cutting open a dike or canal; dead rekhyt-birds on standards represent defeated people of the Delta-region.

    4. Drawing: Narmer Palette, Hierakonpolis. Left side depicts Narmer as King of Upper Egypt performing the ritual execution of a Lower Egyptian captive. The right side depicts him as King of Lower Egypt inspecting ten decapitated corpses.
    5. Drawing: Reconstruction of mastaba of King Djet, Saqqara, Dynasty 1

    6. Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhem, Hierakonpolis, Dynasty 2
    7. Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhem, Hierakonpolis, detail of niched-brick panelled facade
    8. Photo: Funerary Enclosure of Khasekhem, Abydos, Dynasty 2
    9. Photo: Boat-graves of Khasekhemwy, Abydos, Dynasty 2


    EGYPTIAN HISTORY: OLD KINGDOM AND 1ST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

    1. Drawing: 3-D Reconstruction of simplified Old Kingdom mastaba (color)
    2. Drawing: Evolution of Pyramid Architecture from mastaba through step pyramid to true pyramid (Dynasties 1-4)

    3. Plan: Step Pyramid Complex of King Djoser, Saqqara, Dynasty 3
    4. Photo: Satellite Photograph of Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser
    5. Photo: Step Pyramid Complex of Djoser, enclosure wall and main entrance
    6. Animation: Step Pyramid of King Djoser, Saqqara, Dynasty 3: five building from simple mastaba to step pyramid (color)
    7. Drawing: Section of Step Pyramid of King Djoser with five building phases (color)

    8. Photo: Pyramid of Huni at Medum
    9. Drawing: Section of Pyramid of Huni at Medum, Dynasty 3-4: detailing alteration from step pyramid to true pyramid (b/w)
    10. Photo: Bent Pyramid of Snefru at Dahshur, Dynasty 4

    11. Photo: Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops) at Giza (photo by Francis Frith)
    12. Photo: Giza, Pyramids of Khufu's Queens and Boat-graves
    13. Photo: Giza, mastabas of the Old Kingdom (from top of Khufu's pyramid)
    14. Photo: Giza, Pyramid of Khafre and mortuary temple (from top of Khufu's pyramid)

    15. Drawing: Reconstruction of the Pyramids of Abu Sir, Dynasty 5 (color)
    16. Drawing: Reconstruction of the sun-temple of King Neuserre at Abu Ghurob (Dynasty 5) with benben as cult-focus (color)
    17. Drawing: 3-D Reconstruction of pyramid and pyramid temple of King Unas, Saqqara, Dynasty 5 (color)
    18. Photo: Satellite Photograph of Pyramid Complex of Unas


    EGYPTIAN HISTORY: MIDDLE KINGDOM, NUBIA, AND 2ND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD

    1. Photo: Mortuary temples of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II and Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari (Dynasty 11, Western Thebes)
    2. Plan and reconstruction of the mortuary temple of Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II at Deir el-Bahari (Dynasty 11, Western Thebes)
    3. Photo: Statue of King Amenemhat (Karnak temple)
    4. Photo: Statue of Sesostris I (MMA-New York)
    5. Photo: Statuary of Sesostris III

    6. Map: Nubia, Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Amenemhat I
    7. Plan: Nubia, Fort of Buhen
    8. Photo: Nubia, Ruins of Fort of Buhen (colorized)
    9. Map: Nubia, Second Cataract Region: The Forts of Sesostris III
    10. Drawing: Nubia, Semna and Kumma Forts (Nubia)
    11. Drawing: Nubia, Plan and Reconstruction, Fort of Shalfak

    12. Map: Second Intermediate Period Political Kingdoms along the Nile River
    13. Photo: head of the mummy of King Seqenenre Tao II (Thebes, Dyn. 17)
    14. Photo: Second Stela of Kamose (Dyn. 17)


    EGYPTIAN HISTORY: NEW KINGDOM (INCL. AMARNA PERIOD)

    1. Photo: Statuette of Queen Ahmes-Nefertari
    2. Genealogical Chart: 18th Dynasty Royal Family (color)
    3. Photo: Statue of Amenhotep I
    4. Photo: Statue of Thutmose I
    5. Photo: Statue of Queen Hatshepsut
    6. Photo: Statue of Thutmose III
    7. Map: Egyptian Empire, New Kingdom
    8. Photo: Statue of Amenhotep II
    9. Photos: Statues of Akhenaten and Nefertiti
    10. Plan: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak
    11. Drawing: Reconstruction of Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak (color)
    12. Photo: First Pylon-gateway of the Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak
    13. Photo: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak from above First Court
    14. Photo: Temple of Amun-Ra at Karnak from Sacred Lake
    15. Map: Invasion routes of the Sea People through the Near East
    16. Photo: Medinet Habu Temple pylon
    17. Drawing: Egyptian land battle against the Sea People in Canaan
    18. Photo: Relief of Egyptian naval battle against Sea People (Medinet Habu)
    19. Drawing: Relief of Egyptian naval battle against Sea People (Medinet Habu)


    EGYPTIAN HISTORY: POST-NEW KINGDOM

    1. Plan of the city of ancient Alexandria (color)
    2. Plan of the city of modern Alexandria superimposed on ancient city-plan (color)
    3. Reconstruction of the Pharos Lighthouse of ancient Alexandria (color)

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