Last updated: Nov. 9
Selected Bibliography
©2004. PETER A. PICCIONE

Bibliographical entries are listed here first by general subject areas then by author. Click on any subject area in the list.

    Subject Areas:
  1. Ancient Egypt: General References and Encyclopedias
  2. General Egyptian Histories
  3. Anthologies of Egyptian Texts and Literature (General)

  4. Geography, Land and Environment of the Nile Valley
  5. Ethnology and Ethnological Issues: Egypt and Nubia

  6. Religion: General and Topical Studies
  7. Translations of Religious Texts

  8. Akhenaten, Amarna and the Aten Religion
  9. Art and Architecture as Religious Expression
  10. Ethics, Morality and Wisdom Literature
  11. Funerary Beliefs and Practices
  12. Games, Sports and Athletics
  13. Kingship and the Royal Theology
  14. Magic and Magical Practices
  15. Medicine and Medical Magic
  16. Sex and Sexuality
  17. Space-Time, Calendars and Time-Keeping
  18. Temples, Priesthoods, Cult Practices and Temple Economy


For a variety of essays on the topic of Egyptian Religion, see Jack M.Sasson, editor, Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, four volumes (New York, Scribner, 1995-); (located on the reference shelves of the campus Library).

Ancient Egypt: General References and Encyclopedias

Baines, J. and Malek, J. Atlas of Ancient Egypt. New York: Facts on File, 1980.

Bard, K., editor. Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London and New York: Routledge, 199.

Dawson, W. R and E. P. Uphill. Who Was Who in Egyptology. Third edition, revised by M. L. Bierbrier. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1995.

Lexikon der Ägyptologie, eds. Helck, W., E. Otto and W. Westendorf. Seven volumes. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1975-1989. (This is the professionals' encyclopedia of ancient Egypt. Some articles are in English, while others are in German or French. Use German and French dictionaries to look up foreign words. Even if you do not read German or French, all articles contain highly useful bibliographies.)

Manley, Bill. The Penguin Historical Atlas of Ancient Egypt. London: Penguin Books, 1996.

Meyers, Eric M., editor. Oxford Encyclopedia of Archaeology in the Ancient Near East. Five volumes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Redford, D. B. Pharaonic Kinglists, Annals and Day-Books: A Contribution to the Study of the Egyptian Sense of History. Mississauga: Benben Publications, 1986.

Redford, Donald B., editor. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Sasson, Jack M., editor. Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Four volumes. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.


General Histories

Aldred, C. The Egyptians. Third edition, revised and updated by Aidan Dodson. London: Thames and Hudson, 1998.

Bagnall, R. S. Egypt in Late Antiquity. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Bowman, A. K. Egypt after the Pharaohs. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1986.

Brewer, Douglas J. and Emily Teeter. Egypt and the Egyptians. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Emery, W. B. Archaic Egypt. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1961.

Grimal, N. A History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1992. Paper edition, 1994.

Harris, J. R., editor. The Legacy of Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Hayes, W. C. The Scepter of Egypt: A Background for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities in the Metropolitan Museum of Art. Two volumes. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Volume 1, From the Earliest Times to the End of the Middle Kingdom. 1953
Volume 2, The Hyksos Period and the New Kingdom. 1959.

Hoffman, M. Egypt Before the Pharaohs: The Historical Foundations of Egyptian Civilization. Rev. ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

Kemp, B. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. London: Routledge, 1989.

Kitchen, K. A. The Egyptian Nineteenth Dynasty. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1977.

Kitchen, K. A. Pharaoh Triumphant: The Life and Times of Ramesses II. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd., 1982.

Kitchen, K. A. The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt (1100-650 B.C.). 3rd. ed., rev. with new Preface and Supplement. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd., 1995.

Quirke, S. and Spencer, J. The British Museum Book of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.

Thompson, D. J. Memphis under the Ptolemies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988

Trigger, B. G., Kemp, B. J., O' Connor, D., Lloyd, A. B. Ancient Egypt: A Social History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983.


Anthologies of Egyptian Texts and Literature (General)

Foster, J. L. Echoes of Egyptian Voices: An Anthology of Ancient Egyptian Poetry. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1992.

Foster, J. L. Hymns, Prayers and Songs: An Anthology of Egyptian Lyric Poetry. SBL Writings from the Ancient World Series. Volume 8. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995.

Hallo, W., editor. The Context of Scripture: Canonical Compositions, Monumental Inscriptions, and Archival Documents from the Biblical World. Four volumes. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1977-. Volume 1, Canonical Compositions from the Biblical World. 1977.

Lichtheim, M. Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings. Three volumes. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Volume 1, The Old and Middle Kingdoms. 1975.
Volume 2, The New Kingdom. 1976.
Volume 3, The Late Period. 1980.

Moran, W. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

Murnane, W. J. Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt. SBL Writings from The Ancient World 5. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995.

Parkinson, R. B. Voices from Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Middle Kingdom Writings. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1991.

Pritchard, J. B., editor. Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950, 1955.

Simpson, W. K., editor. The Literature of Ancient Egypt: An Anthology of Stories, Instructions, and Poetry. New Edition. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1973.

Wente, E. F. Letters from Ancient Egypt. SBL Writings from the Ancient World Series. Volume 1. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1990.


Geography, Land and Environment of the Nile Valley

Baer, K. "Land and Water in Ancient Egypt." Paper presented to the 28th International Congress of Orientalists. Special Congress Seminar A: Irrigation Civilizations, January 1971, Canberra. International Congress of Orientalists, 1971.

Baines, J. and Malek, J. Atlas of Ancient Egypt. New York: Facts on File, 1980.

Baz, F. el-. The Geology of Egypt. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1984.

Bell, B. "The Oldest Records of the Nile Floods." The Geographical Journal 136 (1970): 569-573.

Butzer, K. Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt: A Study in Cultural Ecology. Prehistoric Archaeology and Ecology Series. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.

Butzer, K. "Long-Term Nile Flood Variation and Political Discontinuities in Pharaonic Egypt." In From Hunters to Farmers, ed. J. D. Clarke and S. Brandt, 102-12. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.

Collins, R. O. The Waters of the Nile: An Annotated Bibliography. London: Hans Zell Publishers, 1991.

Eyre, C. "Agricultural Cycle, Farming, and Water Management." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. M. Sasson, 175-190. Volume 1. New York: Scribner, 1995.

Hoffman, M. "The Two Lands: An Ecological Perspective." Chapter in Egypt Before the Pharaohs: The Historical Foundations of Egyptian Civilization, 23-32. Rev. ed. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1991.

Kees, H. "The Countryside." Chapter Two in Ancient Egypt: A Cultural Topography. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961. Sects. A-B, including: "The Nile and the Seasons." "Irrigation and Soil." 47-61.

Said, Rushdi. The Geology of Egypt. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1962.

Said, Rushdi, ed. The Geology of Egypt. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema, 1990.

Smith, H. S. "Society and Settlement in Ancient Egypt." In Man, Settlement and Urbanism, eds. P. J. Ucko, R. Tringham and G. W. Dimbleby, 705-20. London: Duckworth & Co., 1972.


Ethnology and Ethnological Issues: Egypt and Nubia

Batrawi, A. "The Racial History of Egypt and Nubia, Part I." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 75 (1945): 81-101.

Batrawi, A. "The Racial History of Egypt and Nubia, Part II." Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 76 (1946): 131-56.

Berry, A. C. and Berry, R. J. "Origins and Relations of the Ancient Egyptians Based on a Study of Non-metrical Variations in the Skull." In Population Biology of the Ancient Egyptians, ed., D. R. Brothwell and B. A. Chiarelli, 199-208. New York, 1973.

Berry, A. C., Berry, R. J. and Ucko, P. J. "Genetical Changes in Ancient Egypt." Man n.s. 2 (1967): 551-68.

Brace, C. L., Tracer, D. B., Yaroch, L. A., Robb, J., Brandt, K. and Nelson, A. R. "Clines and Clusters Versus 'Race': A Test in Ancient Egypt and the Case of a Death on the Nile." Yearbook of Physical Anthropology 36 (1993): 1-31. Reprinted in Black Athena Revisited, ed. M. Lefkowitz and G. M. Rogers, 129-64. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

Bard, K. "Ancient Egyptians and the Issue of Race." In Black Athena Revisited, ed. M. Lefkowitz and G. M. Rogers, 103-11. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

Brothwell, D. R. and Chiarelli, B. A., editors. Population Biology of the Ancient Egyptians. New York, 1973.

[Devisse, J.] "Report on the Symposium on 'The Peopling of Ancient Egypt and the Deciphering of Meroitic Script.'" In General History of Africa (Abridged Edition). Volume 2, Ancient Civilizations of Africa, ed. G. Mokhtar, 33-61. London: J. Curry for UNESCO, 1990.

Johnson, Andrew L. and Lovell, Nancy C. "Biological Differentiation at Predynastic Naqada, Egypt: An Analysis of Dental Morphological Traits." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93/4 (April 1994): 427-33.

Johnson, Andrew L. and Lovell, Nancy C. "Dental Morphological Evidence for Biological Continuity between the A-Group and C-Group Periods in Lower Nubia," International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 5 (1995): 368-76.

Leahy, A. "Ethnic Diversity in Ancient Egypt." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East1, ed. Jack M. Sasson, 225-34. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Nielsen, O. V. "Population Movements and Changes in Ancient Nubia with Special Reference to the Relationship Between C-group, New Kingdom and Kerma." In Population Biology of the Ancient Egyptians, ed., D. R. Brothwell and B. A. Chiarelli, 31-46. New York, 1973.

Prowse, Tracy L. and Lovell, Nancy C., "Biological Continuity between the A- and C-Groups in Lower Nubia: Evidence from Cranial Non-metrical Traits." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 5 (June, 1995): 103-14.

Snowden, Jr., F. M. Before Color Prejudice: The Ancient View of Blacks. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983.

Snowden, Jr., F. M. "Bernal's 'Blacks and the Afrocentrists." In Black Athena Revisited, ed. M. Lefkowitz and G. M. Rogers, 112-28. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.

Snowden, Jr., F. M. "Bernal's 'Blacks,' Herodotus and Other Classical Evidence." Arethusa, Special Issue: The Challenge of Black Athena (Fall, 1989): 97-109.

Snowden, Jr., F. M. Blacks in Antiquity; Ethiopians in the Greco-Roman Experience. Cambridge, Mass., Belknap Press, Harvard University Press, 1970.

Trigger, B. "Nubian, Negro, Black, Nilotic?" In Africa in Antiquity: The Arts of Ancient Nubia and the Sudan, ed. S. Wenig, 26-35. Volume 1, The Essays. Brooklyn: The Brooklyn Museum, 1978.

Vercoutter, J. "The Iconography of the Black in Ancient Egypt from the Beginnings to the Twenty-fifth Dynasty." In The Image of the Black in Western Art. Volume 1, From the Pharaohs to the Fall of the Roman Empire, ed. J. Vercoutter, J. Leclant, F. M. Snowden and J. Desanges, 32-88, 291-92. New York: William Morrow, 1976.

Yurco, F. "Were the Ancient Egyptians Black or White?" Biblical Archaeology Review (Sept/Oct., 1989): 24-29, 58.


Religion: General and Topical Studies

Allam, S. "Legal Aspects in the Contendings of Horus and Seth." In Studies in Pharaonic Religion and Society in Honour of J. Gwyn Griffiths, ed. A. B. Lloyd, 137-45. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1992.

Allen, J. P. Genesis in Ancient Egypt: The Philosophy of Ancient Egyptian Creation Accounts. Yale Egyptological Studies 2. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Allen, J. P. et al. Religion and Philosophy in Ancient Egypt. Yale Egyptological Studies 3. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Assmann, J. Egyptian Solar Religion in the New Kingdom: Re, Amun and the Crisis of Polytheism. London: Kegan Paul, 1995.

Assmann, J. Moses the Egyptian: The Memory of Egypt in Western Monotheism. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Bleeker, C. J. Egyptian Festivals: Enactments of Religious Renewal. Studies in the History of Religions 13. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1967.

Bleeker, C. J. Hathor and Thoth. Studies in the History of Religion 26. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1973.

Davis, W. "The Ascension-Myth in the Pyramid Texts." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 36 (1977): 161-79.

van Dijk, Jac. "Myth and Mythmaking in Ancient Egypt." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1697-1710. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Frankfort, H. Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society ad Nature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948.

Frankfort, H., Frankfort, H. A., Wilson, J. A. and Jacobsen, T. The Intellectual Adventure of Man: An Essay on Speculative Thought in the Ancient Near East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1946. Reprinted as Before Philosophy: The Intellectual Adventure of Man. Baltimore: Pelican (Penguin Books), 1949.

Germond, Philippe. Sekhmet et la protection du monde. Aegyptiaca Helvetica 9. Geneva: Editions de Belles-Lettres, 1981.

Griffiths, J. G. Triads and Trinity. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996.

Guilmot, M. Les initiés et les rites initiatiques en Égypte ancienne. Paris: Éditions Robert Laffont, 1977.

Hornung, E. Conceptions of God in Ancient Egypt. Translated by J. Baines. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982.

Hornung, E. "The Discovery of the Unconscious in Ancient Egypt." Spring: An Annual of Archetypal Psychology and Jungian Thought 1986 (1986): 16-28.

Lorton, D. "The Theology of Cult Statues in Ancient Egypt." In Born in Heaven, Made on Earth: The Making of the Cult Image in the Ancient Near East, ed. M. B. Dick, 123-210. Winona Lake: Eisenbraun's, 1999.

Morenz, S. Egyptian Religion. Boston: Methuen & Co., 1973.

Plutarch De Iside et Osiride. Edited and translated by J. Gwyn Griffiths. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1970.

Quirke, S. Ancient Egyptian Religion. London: British Museum, 1992.

Schafer, B. E. Religion in Ancient Egypt: Gods, Myths and Personal Practice. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1991.

Teeter, E. The Presentation of Maat: Ritual and Legitimacy in Ancient Egypt. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 57. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1997.

Wente, E. "Hathor at the Jubilee." In Studies in Honor of John A. Wilson, 83-91. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 35. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969.

Wente, E. "Mysticism in Pharaonic Egypt?" Journal of Near Eastern Studies 41 (1982): 161-79.

Wiener, M. and J. P. Allen. "Separate Lives: The Ahmose Tempest Stela and the Theran Eruption." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 57 (1998): 1-28.


Translations of Religious Texts

Allen, T. G. The Book of the Dead or Going Forth By Day. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 37. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.

Assmann, Jan. Liturgische Lieder an den Sonnengott. Untersuchungen zur altägyptischen Hymnik I. Münchner Ägyptologische Studien 19. Berlin: Verlag Bruno Hessling, 1969.

Borghouts, J. F. Ancient Egyptian Magical Texts. Nisaba 9. Leiden: Brill, 1978.

Borghouts, J. F. The Magical Texts of Papyrus Leiden I 348 (= Oudheidkundige Mededelingen uit het Rijksmuseum van Oudheden te Leiden 51 [1970]). Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1971.

Edgerton, W. F. and Wilson, J. A. The Historical Records of Ramses III: The Texts in Medinet Habu Volumes I and II. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 12. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1936.

Edwards, I. E. S. Oracular Amuletic Decrees of the Late New Kingdom. 2 vols. Hieratic Papyri in the British Museum, 4th ser. London: The Trustees of the British Museum, 1960.

Fairman, H. W., ed., trans. The Triumph of Horus: An Ancient Egyptian Sacred Drama. London: B. T. Batsford, 1974.

Faulkner, R. O. The Ancient Egyptian Coffin Texts. Three volumes. Warminster: Aris & Philips, 1973, 1977, 1978.

Faulkner, R. O. The Ancient Egyptian Pyramid Texts. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1969.

Gardiner, Alan H. The Royal Canon of Turin. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Griffith Institute, 1959.

Griffith, F. LI. and Thompson, Herbert. The Demotic Magical Papyrus of London and Leiden. 3 vols. London: H. Grevel and Co, 1904-09.

Lesko, L. H. The Ancient Egyptian Book of the Two Ways. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972. Reprinted 1977.

Parker, Richard. A Saite Oracle Papyrus from Thebes in the Brooklyn Museum [Papyrus Brooklyn 47.218.31. Brown Egyptological Studies 4. Providence: Brown University Press, 1962. Piankoff, A. The Litany of Re. Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations 4. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964.

Piankoff, A. Mythological Papyri. Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations 3. New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1957

Piankoff, A. The Pyramid of Unas. Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations 5. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968.

Piankoff, A. The Shrines of Tutankhamun. Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations 2. New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1955.

Piankoff, A. The Wandering of the Soul. Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations 6. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1972.

Piankoff, A. and N. Rambova. The Tomb of Ramesses VI. Egyptian Religious Texts and Representations 1. New York: Bollingen Foundation, 1954.

Posener, Georges. Le Papyrus Vandier. Bibliothèque Générale 7. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1985.

Smith, H. S. and A. Smith. "The Kamose Texts." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache 103 (1976): 59-62.


Akhenaten, Amarna and the Aten Religion

Aldred, C. Akhenaten, King of Egypt. New York: Thames and Hudson, 1988.

Cooney, J. D. Amarna Reliefs from Hermopolis in American Collections. Brooklyn: The Brooklyn Museum, 1965.

Cruz-Uribe, E. "Atum, Shu, and the Gods during the Amarna Period." Journal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities 25 (1995): 15-21.

Davies, N. de G. The Rock Tombs of El Amarna. Six Volumes. Archaeological Survey of Egypt 13-18. London: Egypt Exploration Fund, 1903-1908.

Foster, J. L. "The Hymn to the Aten: Akhenaten Worships the Sole God." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1751-1762. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Gohary, J. Akhenaten's Sed-festival at Karnak. Studies in Egyptology. London: Kegan Paul International, 1992.

Griffiths, J. G. Triads and Trinity. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1996.

Johnson, W. R. "Images of Amenhotep III in Thebes: Styles and Intentions." In The Art of Amenhotep III: Art Historical Analysis, ed. L. M. Berman, 26-46. Cleveland: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1990.

Johnson, W. R. "The Revolutionary Role of the Sun in the Reliefs and Statuary of Amenhotep III." The Oriental Institute News and Notes 151 (Fall, 1996): 1-7.

Kemp, B. J. and Garfi, S. A Survey of the Ancient City of El-Amarna. Occasional Publications 9. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1993.

Martin, G. T. The Royal Tomb at El-Amarna. The Rock Tombs of El-Amarna 7. Two parts. Archaeological Survey of Egypt 35, 39. London: Egypt Exploration Society.
Part 1, The Objects. 1974
Part 2, The Reliefs, Inscriptions, and Architecture. 1994.

Moran, W. The Amarna Letters. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

Murnane, W. J. Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt. SBL Writings from The Ancient World 5. Atlanta: Scholars Press, 1995.

Murnane, W. J. and Van Siclen III, C. C. The Boundary Stelae of Akhenaten. Studies in Egyptology. London: Kegan Paul International, 1993.

O'Connor, David B. and Cline, Eric H., editors. Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan Press, 1997.

Parkinson, R. and Schofield, L. "Akhenaten's Army?" Egyptian Archaeology 3 (1993): 34-35.

Parkinson, R. and Schofield, L. "Images of Mycenaeans: A Recently Acquired Painted Papyrus from El-Amarna." In Egypt, the Aegean and the Levant: Interconnections in the Second Millennium BC, ed. W. V. Davies and L. Schofield, 125-26. London: British Museum, 1995.

Redford, D. B. Akhenaten, the Heretic King. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984 .

Redford, D. B. The Akhenaten Temple Project. Volume 1, Initial Discoveries. Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1976.

Redford, D. B. The Akhenaten Temple Project. Volume 2, Rwd-Mnw and Inscriptions. Toronto: Akhenaten Temple Project, 1988.

Strudwick, N. and Strudwick, H. Thebes in Egypt: A Guide to the Tombs and Temples of Ancient Luxor. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999.

Wilson, J. A. "Akh-en-aton and Nefertiti." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 23 (1973): 235.


Art and Architecture as Religious Expression

Aldred, C. Egyptian Art in the Days of the Pharaohs. World of Art Series. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980. Reprinted, New York: Thames and Hudson, 1985.

Badawy, Alexandre. A History of Egyptian Architecture. Three volumes.
Volume 1, From the Earliest Times to the End of the Old Kingdom. Giza: [by the author], 1954. Reprinted London: Histories & Mysteries of Man, Ltd., 1990.
Volume 2, The First Intermediate Period, the Middle Kingdom, and the Second Intermediate Period. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1966.
Volume 3, The Empire (The New Kingdom: From the Eighteenth Dynasty to the End of the Twentieth Dynasty). Berkeley: University of California Press, 1968.

Edwards, I. E. S. The Pyramids of Egypt. 2d ed., rev. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1961.

Gronewegen Frankfort, H. A. Arrest and Movement: An Essay on Space and Time in the Representational Art of the Ancient Near East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.

Hawass, Z. and Lehner, M. "The Passage under the Sphinx." In Hommages à Jean Leclant. Volume 1, ed. C. Berger, G. Clerc and N. Grimal, 201-15. Bibliothèque d'Etude 106/1. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1994.

Hawass, Z. and Lehner, M. "The Sphinx: Who Built It and Why?" Archaeology (September/October 1994): 30-47.

Hornung, E. "Ancient Egyptian Religious Iconography." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1711-1730. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Lehner, M. The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997.

[Metropolitan Museum of Art]. Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1999.

Robins, G. The Art of Ancient Egypt. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.

Russmann, E. R. Egyptian Sculpture: Cairo and Luxor. Photographs by David Finn. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989.

Schäfer, H. Principles of Egyptian Art, ed. E Brunner-Traut, transl. John Baines. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1974.

Smith, W. S. and Simpson, W. K. The Art and Architecture of Ancient Egypt, 2nd ed. rev. Pelican History of Art. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1981.

Wilkinson, R. H. Reading Egyptian Art: A Hieroglyphic Guide to Ancient Egyptian Painting and Sculpture. London: Thames and Hudson, 1992.


Ethics, Morality and Wisdom Literature

Assmann, Jan."Weisheit, Loyalismus und Froemmigkeit." In Studien zu altägyptischen Lebenslehren, edited by Erik Hornung and Othmar Keel, pp. 11-72. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 28. Freiburg: Universitätsverlag; Goettingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1979.

Barns, John. "A New Wisdom Text from a Writing-board in Oxford." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 54 (1968): 71-76.

Buccellati, G. "Ethics and Piety in the Ancient Near East." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1685-1696. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Fox, Michael V. "Two Decades of Research in Egyptian Wisdom Literature." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 107 (1980): 120-35.

Lichtheim, Miriam. Late Egyptian Wisdom Literature in the International Context. A Study of Demotic Instructions. Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis 52. Freiburg: Universitiitsverlag; Gbttingen: Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht, 1983.

Lichtheim, Miriam. "Demotic Proverbs." In Grammata Demotika: Festschrift für Erich Lüddeckens zum 15. Juni 1983, edited by Heinz-J. Thissen and Karl-Tb. Zauzich, pp. 125-40. Würzburg: Gisela Zauzich Veriag, 1984.

Lichtheim, M. Moral Values in Ancient Egypt. Orbis Biblicus Orientalis 155. Fribourg: Editions Universitaires Fribourg, 1997.

Posener, Georges. L'Enseignement loyaliste: sagesse égyptienne du Moyen Empire. Centre de recherches d'histoire et de philologie de la IVe section de l'École Pratique des Hautes Études. Hautes Études Orientales 5. Geneva: Librairie Droz, 1976.

Posener, Georges and Saint Fare Garnot, Jean. "Sur une sagesse égyptienne de basse époque (Papyrus Brooklyn No. 47.218.135)." In Les Sagesses du Proche-Orient Ancien. Colloque de Strasbourg 17-19 Mai 1962, pp. 153-57. Travaux du Centre Études Supérieures. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1963.

Smith, Mark. "Weisheit, demotische" [in English]. In Lexikon der Aegyptologie, Vol. 6, cols. 1192-1204. Edited by Wolfgang Helck and Wolfhart Westendorf. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, 1986.


Funerary Beliefs and Practices

Adams, B. Egyptian Mummies. Shire Egyptology. Volume 1. Aylesbury: Shire Publications, Ltd., 1984.

Allen, J. P. "Funerary Texts and Their Meaning." Chapter in Mummies and Magic: The Funerary Arts of Ancient Egypt, ed. S. D'Auria et al., 38-49. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1988.

Ikram, S. and A. Dodson. The Mummy in Ancient Egypt: Equipping the Dead for Eternity. London: Thames and Hudson Ltd, 1998.

Iskander, Z. "Mummification in Ancient Egypt: Development, History and Techniques." In An X-Ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies, ed. J. E. Harris and E. F. Wente, 1-51. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Lesko, L. H. "Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Egptian Thought." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1763-1774. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Mummies and Magic: The Funerary Arts of Ancient Egypt. Boston: MFA, 1988.

Wente, E. F. "Egyptian 'Make Merry' Songs Reconsidered." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 21 (1962): 118-28.

Wente, E. F. "Funerary Beliefs of the Ancient Egyptians: An Interpretation of the Burials and the Texts." Expedition (Winter, 1982): 17-26.

Zandee, J. Death As an Enemy According to Ancient Egyptian Conceptions. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1960).


Games, Sports and Athletics

Borghouts, J. F. "The Evil Eye of Apopis." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 59 (1973): 114-50.

Decker, Wolfgang. Sports and Games of Ancient Egypt. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1990.

DeVries, C. "A Ritual Ball Game?" In Studies in Honor of John A. Wilson, 25-35. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 35. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1969.

Goyon, Jean-Claude. "Textes mythologiques II: Les Révélations du mystère des quatre boules." Bulletin de l'Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale 75 (1975): 349-99.

Manniche, L. Music and Musicians in Ancient Egypt. London: British Museum Press, 1991.

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Egypt's Golden Age: The Art of Living in the New Kingdom 1558 B.C. - 1085 B.C. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1982.

Piccione, P. A. "The Gaming Episode in the Tale of Setne Khamwas As Religious Metaphor." In For His Ka: Essays Offered in Memory of Klaus Baer, edited by D. Silverman, 197-204. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilizations 55. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1994.

Piccione, P. A. "In Search of the Meaning of Senet." Archaeology Magazine 33/4 (July/August l980): 55-58.

Piccione, P. A. "Mehen, Mysteries and Resurrection from the Coiled Serpent." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 27 (1990): 43-52.

Piccione, P. A. "Sportive Fencing as a Ritual for Destroying the Enemies of Horus." In Gold of Praise: Studies on Ancient Egypt in Honor of Edward F. Wente, edited by E. Teeter and J. Larson, 335-49. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilizations 58. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 2000.

Wilson, J. "Ceremonial Games of the New Kingdom." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 17 (1931): 211-20.


Kingship and the Royal Theology

Frankfort, H. Kingship and the Gods: A Study of Ancient Near Eastern Religion as the Integration of Society ad Nature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1948.

Gardiner, Alan H. The Royal Canon of Turin. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Griffith Institute, 1959.

Goyon, Jean-Claude. Confirmation du pouvoir royal au nouvel an [Brooklyn Museum Papyrus 47.218.50]. 2 vols. Bibliothèque d'Étude 52 and Wilbour Monographs 7. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale; New York: The Brooklyn Museum, 1972-74.

Griffiths, J. Gwyn. The Conflict of Horus and Seth from Egyptian and Classical Sources. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1960.

Leprohon, R. J. "Royal Ideology and State Administration in Pharaonic Egypt." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 1, 273-288. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

O'Connor, David B. and Cline, Eric H., editors. Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign. Ann Arbor: U of Michigan Press, 1997.

Smith, H. S. and Smith A. "The Kamose Texts." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache 103 (1976): 59-62.


Magic and Magical Practices

Barb, A. A. "Mystery, Myth, and Magic." Chapter in The Legacy of Egypt, ed. J. R. Harris, 138-69. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Betz, H. D. The Greek Magical Papyri in Translation Including the Demotic Spells. Second edition. Volume One, Texts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992.

Borghouts, J. F. "Magical Practices among the Villagers." In Pharaoh's Workers: The Villagers of Deir el Medina, ed. Leonard H. Lesko, 119-130, 182-185. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1994.

Borghouts, J. F. "Witchcraft, Magic and Divination in Ancient Egypt." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1775-1786. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Ritner, R. K. The Mechanics of Ancient Egyptian Magical Practice. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 54. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1993.


Medicine and Medical Magic

Bardinet, T. Les papyrus médicaux de l'Egypte pharaonique: Traduction intégrale et commentaire. Penser la Médecine. Paris: Librarie Arthème Fayard, 1995.

Clagett, M. Ancient Egyptian Science: A Source Book. Vol. 1, Knowledge and Order. Vol. 2, Calendars, Clocks, and Astronomy. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society,1989.

Estes, J. W. The Medical Skills of Ancient Egypt. Rev. ed. Canton, MA: Science History Publications, 1993.

Filer, J. Disease. Egyptian Bookshelf Series. London: British Museum, 1995.

Ghalioungui, P. The House of Life, Per Ankh: Medicine and Magic in Ancient Egypt. 2nd ed., rev. Amsterdam: B. M. Israel Boekhandel, 1973.

Ghalioungui, P. "Medicine in Ancient Egypt." In An X-Ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies, ed. J. E. Harris and E. F. Wente, 52-98. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Ghalioungui, P. The Physicians of Pharaonic Egypt. Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Kairo Sonderschrift 10. Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1983.

Griffith, F. Ll. The Petrie Papyri: Hieratic Papyri from Kahun and Gurob. London: Bernard Quaritch, 1898.

Harris, J. R. "Medicine." Chapter in The Legacy of Egypt, ed. J. R. Harris, 112-37. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Iversen, E. Papyrus Carlsberg No. VIII with Some Remarks on the Egyptian Origin of Some Popular Birth Prognoses. Det Kongelige danske Videnskabernes Selskab. Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser. Volume. 26, no. 5. København: E. Munksgaard, 1939.

Kákosy, L. "Ouroboros on Magical Healing Statues." In Hermes Aegyptiacus: Egyptological Studies for B. H. Stricker on His 85th Birthday, ed. T. DuQuesne, 123-29. Discussions in Egyptology Special No. 2. Oxford: DE Publications, 1995.

Kákosy, L. "Some Problems of the Magical Healing Statues." In La magia in Egitto ai tempi dei faraoni. Atti Convegno Internazionale di Studi, Milano 29-31 Ottobre 1985, ed. A. Roccati and A. Siliotti, 171-80. Milan: Rassegna Internazionale Cinematografia Archeologica Arte e Natura Libri, 1987.

Leitz, C. Magical and Medical Papyri of the New Kingdom. Hieratic Papyri in the British Museum. Volume 7. London: The British Museum Press, 1999.

Nunn, J. F. Ancient Egyptian Medicine. London: British Museum, 1996; Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press, 1996.

Reymond, E. A. E. From the Contents of the Libraries of the Suchos Temples in the Fayyum. Part 1, A Medical Book from Crocodilopolis: P. Vindob. D.6257. Mitteilungen aus der Papyrussammlung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek 10. Vienna: Verlag Brüder Hollinek, 1976.

Ritner, R. "Horus on the Crocodiles: A Juncture of Religion and Magic in Late Dynastic Egypt." In Religion and Philosophy in Ancient Egypt, by J. P. Allen, J. Assmann. A. B. Lloyd, R. K. Ritner and D. P. Silverman, 103-16. Yale Egyptological Studies 3. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.

Ritner, R. "Religion vs. Magic. The Evidence of the Magical Statue Bases." In The Intellectual Heritage of Egypt: Studies Presented to László Kákosy by Friends and Colleagues on the Occasion of his 60th Birthday, ed. U. Luft, 495-501. Studia Aegyptiaca 14. Budapest: Innova Press, 1992.

Ritner, R. "A Uterine Amulet in the Oriental Institute Collection." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 43 (1984): 209-221.

Stevens, J. M. "Gynaecology from Ancient Egypt: The Papyrus Kahun: A Translation of the Oldest Treatise on Gynaecology that has Survived the Ancient World." Medical Journal of Australia 21 (December 1975): 949-52.

Walker, C. "Rx--the Eye of Horus." Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London 26/1 (January 1992): 102.

Walker, J. "Egyptian Medicine and the Gods." Bulletin of the Australian Centre of Egyptology 4 (1993): 83-101.

Walker, J. "The Place of Magic in the Practice of Medicine in Ancient Egypt." Bulletin of the Australian Centre for Egyptology 1 (1990): 85-95.

Walker, R. E. "The Veterinary Papyrus of Kahun: A Revised Translation and Interpretation of the Ancient Egyptian Treatise Known as the Veterinary Papyrus of Kahun." Veterinary Record 75 (1964): 198-200.

Weeks, K. R. "Ancient Egyptian Dentistry." In An X-Ray Atlas of the Royal Mummies, ed. J. E. Harris and E. F. Wente, 99-121. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Weeks, K. "Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health in Ancient Egypt." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1787-1798. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.


Sex and Sexuality

Van Dijk, Jac. "The Nocturnal Wanderings of King Neferkare." In Hommages à Jean Leclant. Volume 4, Varia, ed. Catherine Berger, Gisele Clerc and Nicolas Grimal, 387-394. Bibliothèque d'Etude, vol. 106. Cairo: Institut Français d'Archéologie Orientale, 1994.

Manniche, L. "Some Aspects of Ancient Egyptian Sexual Life." Acta Orientalia 38 (1977): 11-23.

Manniche, L. Sexual Life in Ancient Egypt. New York and London: Kegan Paul International, 1987.

Montserrat, D. Sex and Society in Greco-Roman Egypt. New York and London: Kegan Paul International, 1996.

Omlin, J. A. Der Papyrus 55001 und seine satirisch-erotischen Zeichnungen und Inschriften. Catalogo. Serie 1: Monumenti e Testi 3. Turin: Edizione d'Arte Fratelli Pozzo, 1973.

Parkinson, R. B. "'Homosexual' Desire and Middle Kingdom Literature." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 81 (1995): 57-76.


Space-Time, Calendars and Time-Keeping

Depuydt, L. Civil Calendar and Lunar Calendar in Ancient Egypt. Orientalia Lovaniensa Analecta 77. Leuven: Vitgeverij Peeters en Departement Oosterse Studies, 1997.

Gronewegen Frankfort, H. A. Arrest and Movement: An Essay on Space and Time in the Representational Art of the Ancient Near East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951.

Neugebauer, O. and R. A. Parker. Egyptian Astronomical Texts. Three volumes. Providence: Brown University Press, 1960

Parker, R. "The Calendars and Chronology." Chapter in The Legacy of Egypt, ed. J. R. Harris, 13-26. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

Parker, R. The Calendars of Egypt. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilization 26. Chicago: The Oriental Institute, 1950.

Robins, G. "Mathematics, Astronomy, and Calendars in Pharaonic Egypt." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1799-1814. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Walsem, R. van. "Month-Names and Feasts at Deir el-Medina." In Gleanings from Deir el-Medina, ed. R. Demarée and Jac. Janssen, 215-44. Leiden: Nederlands Instituut, 1982.


Temples, Priesthoods, Cult Practices, and Temple Economy

Baines, J. "Palaces and Temples of Ancient Egypt." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 1, 303-318. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Blackman, A. M. and Fairman, H. W. "The Consecration of an Egyptian Temple According to the Use of Edfu." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 32 (1946): 75-91.

David, A. R. Religious Ritual at Abydos (c. 1300 B.C.). Warminster: Aris & Phillips, 1973.

Edgerton, W. F. "The Nauri Decree of Seti I: A Translation and Analysis of the Legal Portion." Journal of Near Eastern Studies 6 (1947): 219-30.

Gardiner, A. H. "Some Reflections on the Nauri Decree." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 38 (1952): 24-33.

Gardiner, A. H. The Wilbour Papyrus. Four volumes. Brooklyn: The Brooklyn Museum.
Volume 1, Plates. 1941.
Volume 2, Commentary. 1948.
Volume 3, Translation. 1948.
Volume 4, Index, ed. R. O. Faulkner. 1952.

Griffith, F. Ll. "The Abydos Decree of Seti I at Nauri." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 13 (1927): 193-206.

Haring, B. J. J. Divine Households: Administrative and Economic Aspects of the New Kingdom Royal Memorial Temples in Western Thebes. Leiden: Netherlands Insituut voor het Nabije Oosten, 1997.

Janssen, J. J. "The Role of the Temple in the Egyptian Economy during the New Kingdom." In State and Temple Economy in the Ancient Near East, volume 2, ed. E. Lipinski, 505-15. Leuven, 1979.

Janssen, J. J. Two Ancient Egyptian Ship's Logs. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1961.

Kemp, B. "Temple and Town in Ancient Egypt." In Man, Settlement and Urbanism, eds. P. J. Ucko, R. Tringham and G. W. Dimbleby, 657-80. London: Duckworth & Co., 1972.

O'Connor, D. 'The Social and Economic Organization of Ancient Egyptian Temples." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 1, 319-330. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Quirke, S., ed. The Temple in Ancient Egypt: New Discoveries and Recent Research. London: British Museum Press, 1997.

Robins, G. "The God's Wife of Amun in the Eighteenth Dynasty in Egypt." In Image of Women in Antiquity. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1983

Säve-Söderbergh, T. Temples and Tombs of Ancient Nubia. London: Thames & Hudson, 1987.

Sauneron, S. The Priests of Ancient Egypt. Translated by A. Morrisett. New York: Grove Press, 1980.

Schafer, B. E., ed. Temples of Ancient Egypt. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997.

Spalinger, A. J. "Some Revisions of Temple Endowments in the New Kingdom." Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt 28 (1991): 21-40.

Spencer, P. The Egyptian Temple: A Lexicographical Study. London: Kegan Paul International, 1984.

te Velde, H., "Theology, Priests and Worship in Ancient Egypt." In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East, ed. J. Sasson, vol. 3, 1731-1750. New York: Scribner, 1995 onward.

Warburton, D. State and Economy in Ancient Egypt: Fiscal Vocabulary of the New Kingdom. Orbis Biblicus Orientalis 151. Fribourg: Editions Universitaires Fribourg, 1997.



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