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ENCYCLOPEDIAE AND REFERENCE VOLUMES (back to top)Andrea, Alfred J. Encyclopedia of the Crusades. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2003.
Bowden, John, editor. Encyclopedia of Christianity. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Campo, Juan E., editor. Encyclopedia of Islam. New York: Facts on File, 2009.
Meri, Josef W., editor. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. New York and London: Routledge, 2006.
Murray, Alan. V., editor. The Crusades: An Encyclopedia. Four volumes. Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, 2006.
New Catholic Encyclopedia. Fifteen volumes. Detroit: Thomson/Gale, 2003.
Nolan, Cathal J., editor. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of International Relations. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2002.
Palmer-Fernandez, Gabriel, editor. Encyclopedia of Religion and War. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Ross, Jeffrey Ian, editor. Religion and Violence: An Encyclopedia of Faith and Conflict from Antiquity to the Present. Three volumes. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe, 2011.
GENERAL HISTORIES AND SELECTED TOPICS (back to top)Abate, Mark T. History in Dispute: The Crusades, 1095-1291. Detroit: St. James Press, 2003.
Asbridge, Thomas. The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land. New York: HarperCollins, 2010.
Attiya, Hussein M. "Knowledge of Arabic in the Crusader States in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries." Journal of Medieval History 25, no. 3 (1999): 203-213.
Bull, Marcus. "The Pilgrimage Origins of the Crusades." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Edbury, Peter and Jonathan Phillips, editors. The Experience of Crusading. Two volumes. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Finucane, Ronald C. "A Variety of Reasons for Crusading." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Kostick, Conor, editor. The Crusades and the Near East: Cultural Histories. London: Routledge, 2010.
Kostick, Conor. The Social Structure of the First Crusade. Brill Academic Publishing, 2008.
Lewis, Bernard. The Muslim Discovery of Europe. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001.
Lower, Michael. The Baron's Crusade: A Call to Arms and Its Consequences. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2005.
Maalouf, Amin. The Crusades Through Arab Eyes. Translated by Jon Rothschild. London: Al Saqi Books, 1984.
Madden, Thomas F. The New Concise History of the Crusades. Updated Student Edition. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2006.
Mallett, Alexander. Popular Muslim Reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097-1291. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2014.
Mayer, Hans Eberhard. The Crusades. Translated by John Gillingham. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
Morton, Nicholas E. Encountering Islam on the First Crusade. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Prawer, Joshua. The Crusader's Kingdom: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages. New York: Praeger, 1972.
Phillips, Jonathan. The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople. New York: Viking Penguin, 2004.
Queller, Donald E. and Thomas F. Madden. The Fourth Crusade: The Conquest of Constantinople. Second edition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, 1997.
Roche, Jason T. and Janus M. Jensen, editors. The Second Crusade: Holy War on the Periphery of Latin Christendom. Outremer, vol. 2. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2014.
Runciman, Steven. A History of the Crusades. Three volumes. Cambridge University Press, 1962-66.
Shagrir, Iris, editor. In Laudem Hierosolymitani: Studies in Crusades and Medieval Culture in Honour of Benjamin Z. Kedar. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2007.
Shatzmiller, Maya, editor. Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993.
Stalcup, Brenda, editor. The Crusades. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Tyerman, Christopher. Fighting for Christendom: Holy War and the Crusades. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
PRIMARY TEXTS AND ANTHOLOGIES (back to top)Allen, S. J. and Emilie Amt, editors. The Crusades: A Reader. University of Toronto Press, 2010.
Anderson, Roberta and Dominic Aidan Bellenger, editors. Medieval Worlds: A Sourcebook. New York: Routledge, 2003.
Asbridge, Thomas S. and Susan B. Edgington, translator. Walter the Chancellor's The Antiochene Wars: A Translation and Commentary. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 1999.
Bachrach, Bernard S. and David S. Bachrach, translator. The Gesta Tancredi of Ralph of Caen: A History of the Normans on the First Crusade. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2005.
Baha al-Din, Ibn Shaddad. The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin. Translated by D. S. Richards. Aldershot, England and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2002.
Barber, Malcolm, translator. Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th and 13th Centuries. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
Brundage, James. The Crusades: A Documentary History. Milwaukee: Marquette University Press, 1962.
Caffarus. Works. Caffaro, Genoa and the Twelfth-century Crusades. Translated by Martin Hall and Jonathan Phillips.Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2013.
Cave, Roy C. and Herbert H. Coulson. A Source Book for Medieval Economic History, Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1936. Reprinted, New York: Biblo and Tannen, 1965.
The Chanson d'Antioche: An Old-French Account of the First Crusade. Translated by Susan B. Edgington and Carol Sweetenham. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2011.
Chazan, Robert. God, Humanity, and History: The Hebrew First Crusade Chronicles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
Choniates, Nicetas, History of the Times. O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates. Translated by Harry I. Magoulias. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1984.
Christie, Niall. Muslims and Crusaders: Christianity's Wars in the Middle East, 1095-1382, from the Islamic Sources. Seminar Studies in History. Abingdon, Oxon and New York, NY: Routledge, 2014.
Clari, Robert de. The Conquest of Constantinople. Translated by Edgar Holmes McNeal. New York: Columbia University Press, 1936.
Cohen, Jeremy. Sanctifying the Name of God: Jewish Martyrs and Jewish Memories of the First Crusade. Jewish Culture and Contexts Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.
Crawford, Paul. The "Templar of Tyre": Part III of the "Deeds of the Cypriots." Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2003.
Crusade Texts in Translation. Series. 26 volumes. Farnham, Surrey, UK, and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 1997-2013. [NB: catalogued under separate authors].
Deuil, Odo de. De Profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem: The Journey of Louis VII to the East. Edited and translated by Virginia Gingerick Berry. New York: Norton, 1948/1965.
Ebied, Rifaat Y. and David Thomas. Muslim-Christian Polemic during the Crusades: The Letter from the People of Cyprus and Ibn Abi Talib al-Dimashqi's Response. Boston and Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2005.
Edbury, Peter W. John of Ibelin: Le Livre Des Assises. Leiden: Brill Academic Publications, 2003.
Edbury, Peter W. The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade: Sources in Translation. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 1996.
Eidelberg, Shlomo, editor. The Jews and the Crusaders: The Hebrew Chronicles of the First and Second Crusades. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.
Fordham University. Internet Medieval Sourcebook: The Crusades. https://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook1k.html (accessed January 2014).
Gabrieli, Francesco. Arab Historians of the Crusades. Translaed by E. J. Costello. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984.
Gibb, H. A. R, translator. The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades: Extracted and Translated from the Chronicle of Ibn Al-Qalansi. Dover Publications, 2011.
Golway, Terry, editor. Words that Ring Through Time: From Moses and Pericles to Obama: Fifty-one of the Most Important Speeches in History and How They Changed Our World. New York: Overlook Press, 2009.
Grocock, C. W. and J. E. Siberry, translator. The Historia Vie Hierosolimitane of Gilo of Paris and a Second, Anonymous Author. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Hallam, Elizabeth M., editor. Chronicles of the Crusades: Eye-Witness Accounts of the Wars Between Christianity and Islam. Welcome Rain Publishers, 2000.
Hill, Rosalind, editor. Gesta Francorum: The Deeds of the Franks and the Other Pilgrims to Jerusalem. Oxford University Press, 1967.
Historia de expeditione Frederici Imperatoris. The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Translated by G. A. Loud. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2009.
Housley, Norman, editor. Documents on the Later Crusades, 1274-1580. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.
Hubert Merton J., translator. Ambroise, Histoire de la Guerre Sainte [History of the Holy War]. New York: Octagon Books, 1976.
Ibn-Munqidh, Usamah. An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades: Memoirs of Usamah Ibn-Munqidh. Translated by Philip K. Hitti. Columbia University Press, 2000.
Joinville, Jean de and Geffroy de Villehardouin. Chronicles of the Crusades. Translated by Caroline Smith. Penguin Classics, 2009.
Komnene, Anna. The Alexiad. Translated by E. R. A. Sewter. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969.
Loud, Graham A., translator. The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2009.
Marcus, Jacob Rader. The Jew in the Medieval World: A Sourcebook, 315-1791. Revised subsequent edition. Hebrew Union College Press, 1999.
Nelson, Jan A. and Emanuel J. Mickel, editors. The Old French Crusade Cycle. Volumes 5-6. University of Alabama Press, 1981-1992.
Nicholson, Helen J., translator. The Chronicle of the Third Crusade: The Itinerarium Peregrinorum et Gesta Regis Ricardi. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2001.
Nicholson, Helen. The Crusades. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2004.
Peters, Edward, editor. Christian Society and the Crusades, 1198-1229: Sources in Translation, Including "The Capture of Damietta" by Oliver of Paderborn, Translated with Notes by John J. Gavigan. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1971.
Peters, Edward, editor. The First Crusade: "The Chronicle of Fulcher of Chartres" and Other Source Materials. Second edition. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1998.
Richards, D. S., translator. The Chronicle of Ibn al-Athir for the Crusading Period from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh. Parts 1-3. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2010.
Richards, D. S., translator. The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin or al-Nawadir al-Sultaniyya wa'l-Mahasin al-Yusufiyya by Baha' al-Din Ibn Shaddad. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2002.
Robinson, Chase F., editor. Texts, Documents and Artefacts: Islamic Studies in Honour of D.S. Richards. Boston and Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2003.
Rodriguez, Jarbel, editor. Muslim and Christian Contact in the Middle Ages: A Reader. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures, no. 18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.
Shirley, Janet, translator. Crusader Syria in the Thirteenth Century: The Rothelin Continuation of the History of William of Tyre with Part of the Eracles or Acre Text. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 1999.
Shirley, Janet and Peter W. Edbury, translator. Guillaume de Machaut: The Capture of Alexandria. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2001.
Slack, Corliss Konwiser, editor. Crusade Charters, 1138-1270. Translated by Huh Bernard Feiss. Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 2001.
Sweetenham, Carol, translator. Robert the Monk's History of the First Crusade: Historia Iherosolimitana. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2006.
Thackston, W. M., Jr., translator. Na?er-e Khosraw's Book of Travels (Safarnama). Albany: Bibliotheca Persica, 1986.
William of Tyre. Godeffroy of Boloyne: or, The Siege and Conqueste of Jerusalem. Translated by William Caxton and edited by Mary Noyes Colvin. London: Pub. for the Early English Text Society by K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1893.
Zaydan, Jurji. Tree of Pearls, Queen of Egypt. Middle East Literature in Translation. Syracuse University Press, 2012. [NB: This is a fictional novel, not a historical source. Use with caution!!].
ARAB WORLD (back to top)Abu Izzeddin, Nejla M. The Arab World: Past, Present and Future. Chicago: H. Regnery Co., 1953.
Goldschmidt, Arthur Jr. A Concise History of the Middle East. Seventh edition. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2002.
Hitti, Philip K. History of the Arabs: From the Earliest Times to the Present. 10th ed. London: Macmillan, 1970.
Hodgson, Marshall G. S. The Expansion of Islam in the Middle Periods. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974.
Holt, P. M., Ann K. S. Lambton and Bernard Lewis, editors. The Cambridge History of Islam. Two volumes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.
Hourani, Albert. A History of the Arab Peoples. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1991.
Lewis, Bernard, editor. Islam, from the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople. Two volumes. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.
Lewis, Bernard. The Muslim Discovery of Europe. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001.
Mansfield, Peter. The Arab World: A Comprehensive History. New York: Crowell, 1976.
BIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES (back to top)Baha al-Din, Ibn Shaddad. The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin. Translated by D. S. Richards. Aldershot, England and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2002.
Edde, Anne-Marie. Saladin. Translated by Jane Marie Todd. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2011.
Ehrenkreutz Andrew S. Saladin. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1972.
Ibn-Munqidh, Usamah. An Arab-Syrian Gentleman and Warrior in the Period of the Crusades: Memoirs of Usamah Ibn-Munqidh. Translated by Philip K. Hitti. Columbia University Press, 2000.
Jubb, Margaret A. The Legend of Saladin in Western Literature and Historiography. Lewiston: Edwin Mellen Press, 2000.
Lev, Yaacov. Saladin in Egypt. Boston, MA: Brill, 1998.
Lyons, M. C. and D. E. P. Jackson. Saladin: The Politics of the Holy War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Reston, James. Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade. New York: Doubleday, 2001.
Richards, D. S., trans. The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin or al-Nawadir al-Sultaniyya wa'l-Mahasin al-Yusufiyya by Baha' al-Din Ibn Shaddad. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2002.
Thorau, Peter. The Lion of Egypt: Sultan Baybars I and the Near East in the Thirteenth Century. Translated by Peter Malcolm Holt. Longman Group United Kingdom, 1992.
Walker, Paul E. Caliph of Cairo: Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, 996-1021. New York: American University in Cairo Press, 2009.
Zaydan, Jurji. Tree of Pearls, Queen of Egypt. Middle East Literature in Translation. Syracuse University Press, 2012. [NB: This is a fictional novel, not a historical source. Use with caution!!].
Abulafia, David. Frederick II: A Medieval Emperor. New York: Viking Penguin, 1988.
Asbridge, Thomas S. The Creation of the Principality of Antioch, 1098-1130. Rochester, NY: Boydell and Brewer, 2000.
Baldwin, John W. The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
Bradbury, Jim. Philip Augustus: King of France, 1180-1223. Prentice Hall of Canada, 1998.
Brundage, James A. "An Errant Crusader: Stephen of Blois." Traditio 16 (1960): 380-395.
Dalven, Rae. Anna Comnena. New York: Twayne Publishers, 1972.
DeVries, Kelly. Joan of Arc: A Military Leader. Stroud: Sutton, 1999.
Deuil, Odo de. De Profectione Ludovici VII in Orientem: The Journey of Louis VII to the East. Edited and translated by Virginia Gingerick Berry. New York: Norton, 1948/1965.
Edbury, Peter W. John of Ibelin and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 1997.
Evans, G. R. Bernard of Clairvaux. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Flori, Jean. Richard the Lionheart: King and Knight. Translated by Jean Birrell. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2006.
Fraioli, Deborah A. Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years War. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 2005.
Gaposchkin, M. Cecilia. The Making of Saint Louis: Kingship, Sanctity and Crusade in the Later Middle Ages. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 2008.
Historia de expeditione Frederici Imperatoris. The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Translated by G. A. Loud. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2009.
Komnene, Anna. The Alexiad. Translated by E. R. A. Sewter. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969.
Loud, Graham A., translator. The Crusade of Frederick Barbarossa: The History of the Expedition of the Emperor Frederick and Related Texts. Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2009.
Mayer, Hans E. "Ibelin versus Ibelin: The Struggle for the Regency of Jerusalem 1253-1258." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 122, no. 1 (Feb. 1978): 25-57.
McAuliffe, Mary. Clash of Crowns: William the Conqueror, Richard Lionheart and Eleanor of Aquitaine - A Story of Bloodshed, Betrayal and Revenge. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2012.
Moore, John C. Pope Innocent III (1160/61-1216): To Root Up and to Plant. Boston: Brill, 2003.
Moses, Paul. The Saint and the Sultan: The Crusades, Islam and Francis of Assisi's Mission of Peace. New York: Doubleday Religion, 2009.
Nicholson, R. L. Joscelyn III and the Fall of the Crusader States. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1973.
Owen, Douglas David Roy. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and Legend. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1996.
Powell, James M., translator. The Deeds of Pope Innocent III. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2004.
Prestwich, Michael. War, Politics and Finance Under Edward I. Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield, 1972.
Regan, Geoffrey. Lionhearts: Richard I, Saladin and the Era of the Third Crusade. Walker & Company, 1999.
Reston, James. Warriors of God: Richard the Lionheart and Saladin in the Third Crusade. New York: Doubleday, 2001.
Richard, Jean. Saint Louis: Crusader King of France. Edited by Simon Lloyd and translated by Jean Birrell. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1992.
Spoto, Donald. Reluctant Saint: The Life of Francis of Assisi. New York: Penguin Compass, 2003.
Weir, Alison. Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life. New York: Ballantine Books, 2001.
Yewdale, Ralph Bailey. Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch. Princeton University Press, 1924.
Folda, Jaroslav. "Images of Queen Melisende in Manuscripts of William of Tyre's History of Outremer: 1250-1300." Gesta 32, no. 2 (1993): 97-112.
Hamilton, Bernard. The Leper King and His Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jersusalem. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Mayer, Hans E. "Angevins versus Normans: The New Men of King Fulk of Jerusalem." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 133, no. 1 (1989): 1-25.
Mayer, Hans E. "Studies in the History of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 26 (1972): 93-182.
Tozer, Tom. Godfrey de Bouillon: Defender of the Holy Sepulchre. PublishAmerica, 2004.
Tranovich, Margaret. Melisende of Jerusalem. East West Publishing, 2011.
William of Tyre. Godeffroy of Boloyne: or, The Siege and Conqueste of Jerusalem. Translated by William Caxton and edited by Mary Noyes Colvin. London: Published for the Early English Text Society by K. Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co., 1893.
Williams, Patrick A. "The Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat: Another Suspect?" Traditio 26 (1970): 381-389.
CHRISTIANS AND JEWS UNDER MUSLIM RULE (back to top)Aist, Rodney. The Christian Topography of Early Islamic Jerusalem: The Evidence of Willibald of Eichstaett (700-787 CE). Studia Traditionis Theologiae, vol. 2. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2009.
George-Tvrtkovic, Rita. A Christian Pilgrim in Medieval Iraq. Riccoldo da Montecroce's Encounter with Islam. Medieval Voyaging, vol. 1. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2013.
Griffith, Sidney H. The Church in the Shadow of the Mosque: Christians and Muslims in the World of Islam. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
Lassner, Jacob. Jews, Christians and the Abode of Islam: Modern Scholarship, Medieval Realities. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2012.
Levy-Rubin, Milka. Non-Muslims in the Early Islamic Empire: From Surrender to Coexistence. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
Saleh, Walid A. In Defense of the Bible: A Critical Edition and an Introduction to al-Biqa-i's Bible Treatise. Islamic History and Civilization, vol. 73. Leiden and Boston: Brill, 2008.
Wasserstrom, Steven M. Between Muslim and Jew: The Problem of Symbiosis under Early Islam. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1995.
Muslims and Jews under Christian RuleChazan, Robert. European Jewry and the First Crusade. Revised edition. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
Chazan, Robert. God, Humanity, and History: The Hebrew First Crusade Chronicles. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.
Chazan, Robert. In the Year 1096: The First Crusade and the Jews. Anniversary edition. The Jewish Publication Society, 1996.
Cohen, Jeremy. Sanctifying the Name of God: Jewish Martyrs and Jewish Memories of the First Crusade. Jewish Culture and Contexts Series. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.
Eidelberg, Shlomo, editor. The Jews and the Crusaders: The Hebrew Chronicles of the First and Second Crusades. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1978.
Elisséeff, Nikita. "The Reaction of the Syrian Muslims after the Foundation of the First Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem." In Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria, ed. Maya Shatzmiller. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993.
Finucane, Ronald C. "The Crusades' Impact on Women and Jews." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Marcus, Jacob Rader. The Jew in the Medieval World: A Sourcebook, 315-1791. Revised subsequent edition. Hebrew Union College Press, 1999.
Mayer, Hans E. "Latins, Muslims and Greeks in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem." History 63 (1978): 179-187.
Morton, Nicholas E. Encountering Islam on the First Crusade. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
Powell, James M., editor. Muslims under Latin Rule, 1100-1300. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990.
Prawer, Joshua. The History of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
Talmon-Heller, D. "Arabic Sources on Muslim Villages under Frankish Rule" in From Clermont to Jerusalem: The Crusades and Crusader Societies, 1095-1500. Selected Proceedings of the International Medieval Congress, University of Leeds, 10-13 July 1995, ed. Alan V. Murray. International Medieval Research, vol. 3 Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 1998.
CRUSADER NEWCOMERS VERSUS POLEINS (Crusaders Born in the Middle East) (back to top)Phillips, Jonathan. Defenders of the Holy Land: Relations between the Latin East and the West, 1119-1187. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Shagrir, Iris. Naming Patterns in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. (Prosopographica et Genealogica, 12). Oxford: Unit for Prosopographical Research, Linacre College, 2003.
CULTURAL EXCHANGE (back to top)Asa Eger, A. The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Interaction and Exchange among Muslim and Christian Communities. Library of Middle East History, vol. 34. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014.
Attiya, Hussein M. "Knowledge of Arabic in the Crusader States in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries." Journal of Medieval History 25, no. 3 (1999): 203-213.
Barber, Malcolm. The Crusader States. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2012.
George-Tvrtkovic, Rita. A Christian Pilgrim in Medieval Iraq. Riccoldo da Montecroce's Encounter with Islam. Medieval Voyaging, vol. 1. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2013.
Lewis, Bernard. The Muslim Discovery of Europe. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001.
Mallett, Alexander. Popular Muslim Reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097-1291. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2014.
Moses, Paul. The Saint and the Sultan: The Crusades, Islam and Francis of Assisi's Mission of Peace. New York: Doubleday Religion, 2009.
Semaan, Khalil I., editor. Islam and the Medieval West: Aspects of Intercultural Relations. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1980.
Watt, W. Montgomery. The Influence of Islam on Medieval Europe. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1972.
Weiss, Daniel H. and Lisa Mahoney, editors. France and the Holy Land: Frankish Culture at the End of the Crusades. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.
Zacour, N. P. and H. W. Hazard, editors. The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. University of Wisconsin Press, 1985. https://digital.library.wisc.edu/1711.dl/History.CrusFive.
Zeitler, Barbara. "'Sinful Sons, Falsifiers of the Christian Faith': The Depiction of Muslims in a 'Crusader' Manuscript." Mediterranean Historical Review 12, no. 2 (1997): 25-50.
DIPLOMACY AND CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS (back to top)Asa Eger, A. The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Interaction and Exchange among Muslim and Christian Communities. Library of Middle East History, vol. 34. London: I. B. Tauris, 2014.
Berkovich, Ilya. "The Battle of Forbie and the Second Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem." Journal of Military History 75, no. 1 (Jan. 2011): 9-44.
Dajani-Shakeel, Hadia. "Diplomatic Relations Between Muslim and Frankish Rulers, 1097-1153 A.D." In Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth-Century Syria, ed. Maya Shatzmiller. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993.
Holt, Peter Malcolm. Early Mamluk Diplomacy, 1260-1290: Treaties of Baybars and Qalawun with Christian Rulers. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995.
Holt, Peter Malcolm. The Crusader States and their Neighbours: 1098-1291. New York: Pearson Longman, Pearson Education Ltd., 2004.
Humphreys, R. Stephen. "Ayyubids, Mamluks and the Latin East in the Thirteenth Century." Mamluk Studies Review 2 (1998): 1-17.
Jackson, Peter. "The Crisis in the Holy Land in 1260." English Historical Review 95 (1980): 481-513.
Jackson, Peter. "The Crusades of 1239-41 and Their Aftermath." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 50 (1987): 32-60.
Mallett, Alexander. Popular Muslim Reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097-1291. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2014.
Rodriguez, Jarbel, editor. Muslim and Christian Contact in the Middle Ages: A Reader. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures, no. 18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.
Takayama, Hiroshi. "Frederick II's Crusade: An Example of Christian Muslim Diplomacy." Mediterranean Historical Review 25, no. 2 (Dec. 2010): 169-185.
ECONOMICS AND TRADE (back to top)Ashtor, Eliyahu. "Investments in Levant Trade in the Period of the Crusades." Journal of European Economic History 14, no. 3 (1985): 427-441.
Cave, Roy C. and Herbert H. Coulson. A Source Book for Medieval Economic History, Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1936. Reprinted, New York: Biblo and Tannen, 1965.
Day, Gerald. "The Impact of the Third Crusade upon Trade with the Levant." The International History Review 3, no. 2 (1981): 159-168.
Erbstosser, Martin. "An Influx of Knowledge from the East." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Krueger, Hilmar C. "Expansion of Trade." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Mayer, Hans E. "Economic Factors." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Phillips, William D., Jr. "Sugar Production and Trade in the Mediterranean at the Time of the Crusades" in The Meeting of Two Worlds: Cultural Exchange between East and West during the Period of the Crusades, ed. V. P. Goss and C. V. Bornstein. Kalamazoo: Western Michigan University, 1986.
EUROPEAN VERSUS ARAB SOCIAL ETHICS AND CHIVALRY (back to top)Buttigieg, Emanuel. "'Clash of Civilizations,' Crusades, Knights and Ottomans: an Analysis of Chrisitan-Muslim Interaction in the Mediterranean" in Religion and Power in Europe: Conflict and Convergence. Edited by Joaquim Carvalho. Pisa: Edizioni Plus, Pisa University Press, 2007.
Friedman, Yvonne. Encounter Between Enemies: Captivity and Ransom in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Leiden: Brill Academic Publications, 2002.
Gervers, Michael and James M. Powell. Tolerance and Intolerance: Social Conflict in the Age of Crusades. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 2001.
Kosto, Adam J. "Hostages During the First Century of the Crusades." Medieval Encounters 9, no. 1 (2003): 3-31.
Strickland, Matthew. "Rules of War or War without Rules?--Some Reflections on Conduct and the Treatment of Non-combatants in Medieval Transcultural Wars." Transcultural Wars (2006): 107-140.
ISLAMIC HOLY WAR (JIHAD) AND CHRISTIAN JUST WAR (back to top)Kelsay, John and James Turner Johnson, editors. Just War and Jihad: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace in Western and Islamic Traditions. New York: Greenwood Press, 1991.
Bonner, Michael David. Jihad in Islamic History: Doctrines and Practice. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006.
Cook, David. Understanding Jihad. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005.
Fireston, Reuven. Jihad: The Origin of Holy War in Islam. New York and Oxford: Oxford University, 1999.
Peters, Rudolph, editor. Jihad in Classical and Modern Islam: A Reader. Princeton: Markus Wiener, 1996.
Peters, Rudolph, translator. Jihad in Mediaeval and Modern Islam: The Chapter on Jihad from Averroes' Legal Handbook "Bidayat Al-mudjtahid" and the Treatise "Koran and Fighting" by the Late Shaykh-al-Azhar, Mahmud Shaltut. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1977.
Christian Holy War or Just WarLong, Michael G., editor. Christian Peace and Nonviolence: A Documentary History. Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 2011.
Mastnak, Tomaz. Crusading Peace: Christendom, the Muslim World and Western Political Order. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.
"St. Augustine, The Just War." In The Global Experience, Volume 1, Readings in World History to 1500, ed. P, H. Riley et al., eds. Fifth edition. Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall, 2006.
Russell, Frederick H. The Just War in the Middle Ages. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975.
Tyerman, Christopher. Fighting for Christendom: Holy War and the Crusades. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
LATIN KINGDOMS (back to top)Ben-Ami, Aharon. Social Change in a Hostile Society: The Crusader's Kingdom of Jerusalem. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1969.
Berkovich, Ilya. "The Battle of Forbie and the Second Frankish Kingdom of Jerusalem." Journal of Military History 75, no. 1 (Jan. 2011): 9-44.
Boas, Adrian J. Crusader Archeology: The Material Culture of the Latin East. London: Routledge, 1999.
Boas, Adrian J. Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape and Art in the Holy City under Frankish Rule. Routledge, 2001.
Bridge, Antony. "Life in the Crusader Kingdoms." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Ellenblum, Ronnie. Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Hamilton, Bernard. The Latin Church in the Crusader States: The Secular Church. London: Variorum Publications Ltd., 1980.
Kostick, Conor. The Social Structure of the First Crusade. Brill Academic Publishing, 2008.
Prawer, Joshua. The Crusader's Kingdom: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages. New York: Praeger, 1972.
Mayer, Hans. "The Succession to Baldwin II of Jerusalem: English Impact on the East." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 39 (1985): 139-147.
Mayer, Hans E. "The Wheel of Fortune: Seignorial Vicissitudes under Kings Fulk and Baldwin III of Jerusalem." Speculum 64, no. 4 (Oct. 1990): 860-877.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan. The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174-1277. Hamden, Connecticut: Archon Books, The Shoe String Press, 1973.
Tibble, Steven. Monarchy and Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
Williams, Patrick A. "The Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat: Another Suspect?" Traditio 26 (1970): 381-389.
MEDICINE (back to top)Edgington, Susan. "Medicine and Surgery in the Livre des Assises de la Cour des Bourgeois de Jérusalem." Al-Masaq: Islam & the Medieval Mediterranean 17, no. 1 (Mar. 2005): 87-97.
Gregg, George. "The State of Medicine at the Time of the Crusades." The Ulster Medical Journal 32, no. 2 (December 1963): 141-150.
Mitchell, Piers D. Medicine in the Crusades: Warfare, Wounds and the Medieval Surgeon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
Woodings, A. F. "The Medical Resources and Practice of the Crusader States in Syria and Palestine 1096-1193." Medical History 15, no. 3 (July 1971): 268-277.
MEDIEVAL ISLAM (back to top)Al-Sayyid-Marsot, Afaf Lufti, editor. Society and the Sexes in Medieval Islam. Malibu, California: Undena Publications, 1979.
Hovannisian, Richard and Georges Sabagh, editors. Religion and Culture in Medieval Islam. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Saunders, J. J. A History of Medieval Islam. London and New York: Routledge, 2002.
Tsugitaka, Sato. State and Rural Society in Medieval Islam: Sultans, Muqta's and Fallahun. New York and Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1997.
MILITARY RELIGIOUS ORDERS (back to top)Boas, Adrian J. Archaeology of the Military Orders: A Survey of the Urban Centres, Rural Settlement and Castles of the Military Orders in the Latin East (c. 1120-1291). London and New York: Routledge, 2006.
Bom, Myra M. Women in the Military Orders of the Crusades. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
Forey, Alan. The Military Orders from the Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Centuries. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.
Morton, Nicholas E. The Teutonic Knights in the Holy Land, 1190-1291. Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2009.
Riley-Smith, Jonathan S. Templars and Hospitallers as Professed Religious in the Holy Land. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2010.
Seward, Desmond. The Monks of War: The Military Religious Orders. London: Eyre Methuen Ltd, 1972.
Treece, Henry. "The Military Orders." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Walsh, Michael J. Warriors of the Lord: The Military Orders of Christendom. Grand Rapids, Michigan: W. B. Eerdmans, 2003.
PERSPECTIVES OF EUROPEANS, ARABS AND TURKS (back to top)Brundage, James A. The Crusades, Holy War and Canon Law. Aldershot: Variorum, 1991.
Christie, Niall. Muslims and Crusaders: Christianity's Wars in the Middle East, 1095-1382, from the Islamic Sources. Seminar Studies in History. Abingdon, Oxon and New York, NY: Routledge, 2014.
Cobb, Paul M. The Race for Paradise: An Islamic History of the Crusades. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.
Haddad, Wadi' Z. "The Crusaders Through Muslim Eyes." The Muslim World 73, no. 3-4 (Oct. 1983): 234-252.
Hamilton, Bernard. "Knowing the Enemy: Western Understanding of Islam at the Time of the Crusades." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society third series, vol. 7, no. 3 (Nov. 1997): 373-387.
Hillenbrand, Carole. The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives. Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1999.
Hillenbrand, Carole. The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives. London: Routledge, 2000.
Laiou, Angeliki E. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 2001.
Lewis, Bernard. The Muslim Discovery of Europe. New York: W. W. Norton, 2001.
Maalouf, Amin. The Crusades Through Arab Eyes. New York: Schocken, 1989.
Mallett, Alexander. Popular Muslim Reactions to the Franks in the Levant, 1097-1291. Farnham, Surrey and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate, 2014.
Rodriguez, Jarbel, editor. Muslim and Christian Contact in the Middle Ages: A Reader. Readings in Medieval Civilizations and Cultures, no. 18. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.
Southern, R. W. Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages. Harvard University Press, 1978.
Tolan, John Victor. Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam: A Book of Essays. New York: Garland Press, 1996.
Tolan, John Victor. Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Tolan, John Victor. Sons of Ishmael: Muslims through European Eyes in the Middle Ages. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008.
PILGRIMAGE AND TRAVEL (back to top)Glass, Dorothy F. Portals, Pilgrimage and Crusade in Western Tuscany. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997.
George-Tvrtkovic, Rita. A Christian Pilgrim in Medieval Iraq. Riccoldo da Montecroce's Encounter with Islam. Medieval Voyaging, vol. 1. Turnhout, Belgium: Brepols Publishers, 2013.
Sargent-Baur, Barbara N. ed. Journeys toward God: Pilgrimage and Crusade. Kalamazoo: Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University, 1992.
Touati, Houari. Islam and Travel in the Middle Ages. Translated by Lydia G. Cochrane. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.
RELIGIOUS PERCEPTIONS OR MISCONCEPTIONS (back to top)Asbridge, Thomas. The First Crusade: A New History: The Roots of Conflict between Christianity and Islam. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Brague, Remi. The Legend of the Middle Ages: Philosophical Explorations of Medieval Christianity, Judaism and Islam. Translated by Lydia G. Cochrane. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.
Calkin, Siobhain Bly. Saracens and the Making of English Identity: The Auchinleck Manuscript. New York: Routledge, 2005.
Ephrat, Daphna and Mustafa Daud Kabha. "Muslim Reaction to the Frankish Presence in Bilad al-Sham: Intensifying Religious Fidelity within the Masses." Al-Masaq: Islam and the Medieval Mediterranean 15, no. 1 (2003): 47-58.
Kedar, Benjamin Z. Crusade and Mission: European Approaches Toward Muslims. Princeton University Press, 1988.
MacEvitt, Christopher. The Crusades and the Christian World of the East: Rough Tolerance. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.
Maier, Christoph T. Preaching the Crusades: Mendicant Friars and the Cross in the Thirteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
O'Shea, Steven. Sea of Faith: Islam and Christianity in the Medieval Mediterranean World. New York: Walker & Company, 2006.
Southern, R. W. Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages. Harvard University Press, 1978.
Talman-Heller, Daniella. Islamic Piety in Medieval Syria: Mosques, Cemeteries and Sermons Under the Zangids and Ayyubids (1146-1260). Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2007.
Tolan, John Victor. Medieval Christian Perceptions of Islam: A Book of Essays. New York: Garland Press, 1996.
Tolan, John Victor. Saracens: Islam in the Medieval European Imagination. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Tolan, John Victor. Sons of Ishmael: Muslims through European Eyes in the Middle Ages. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2008.
WARFARE AND MILITARY HISTORY (back to top)Ehrenkreutz, A. S. "The Place of Saladin in the Naval History of the Mediterranean Sea in the Middle Ages." Journal of the American Oriental Society 75, no. 2 (Apr.-Jun. 1955): 100-116.
France, John. Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Housely, Norman. Fighting for the Cross: Crusading to the Holy Land. Yale University Press, 2008.
Hyland, Ann. The Medieval Warhorse from Byzantium to the Crusades. Conshohocken, PA: Combined Book, 1996.
Marshall, Christopher. Warfare in the Latin East, 1192-1291. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
Rogers, Randall. Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century. Oxford University Press, 1997.
Shatzmiller, Maya. "The Crusades and Islamic Warfare--a Re-evaluation." Der Islam 69, no. 2 (October 2009): 247-288.
Smail, R. C. Crusading Warfare, 1097-1193. Cambridge University Press, 1956/1995.
WOMEN IN THE CRUSADES (back to top)Beattie, Cordelia and Kirsten A. Fenton. Intersections of Gender, Religion and Ethnicity in the Middle Ages. Genders and Sexualities in History. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011.
Bom, Myra M. Women in the Military Orders of the Crusades. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2012.
Claster, Jill N., Sacred Violence: The European Crusades to the Middle East, 1095-1396. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009.
Cuffel, Alexandra. Gendering Disgust in Medieval Religious Polemic. Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 2007.
DeAragon, RaGena C. "Queen or Consort: Rulership and Politics in the Latin East, 1118-1228" in Queens and Queenship in Medieval Europe: Proceedings of a Conference Held at King's College London, April 1995. Edited by Anne J. Duggan. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK and Rochester, New York: Boydell Press, 1997.
Edgington, Susan B. and Sarah Lambert, editors. Gendering the Crusades. New York: Columbia University Press, 2002.
Finucane, Ronald C. "The Crusades' Impact on Women and Jews." In The Crusades, ed. Brenda Stalcup. Turning Points in World History. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2000.
Folda, Jaroslav. "Images of Queen Melisende in Manuscripts of William of Tyre's History of Outremer: 1250-1300." Gesta 32, no. 2 (1993): 97-112.
Gerish, Deborah. "Gender Theory." In Palgrave Advances in the Crusades, ed. Helen J. Nicholson, pp. 130-147. Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
Hodgson, Natasha R. Women, Crusading and the Holy Land in Historical Narrative. Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK and Rochester, New York: Boydell Press, 2007.
Jackson, Peter. "The End of Hohenstaufen Rule in Syria." Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research 59 (1986): 20-36.
Kostick, Conor. "Women and the First Crusade: Prostitutes or Pilgrims?" In The Social Structure of the First Crusade. Leiden: Brill, 2008. Pp. 271-285.
Luttrell, Anthony and Helen J. Nicholson, editors. Hospitaller Women in the Middle Ages. Aldershot, England and Burlington, Vermont: Ashgate Publishing, 2006.
Maalouf, Amin. The Crusades Through Arab Eyes. Translated by Jon Rothschild. London: Al Saqi Books, 1984.
Maier, Christoph T. "The Roles of Women in the Crusade Movement: A Survey." Journal of Medieval History 30 (2004): 61-82.
Mayer, Hans E. "Studies in the History of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem." Dumbarton Oaks Papers 26 (1972): 93-182.
Nicholson, Helen and David Nicolle. God's Warriors: Knights Templar, Saracens and the Battle for Jerusalem. 2006.
Nicholson, Helen. "Women on the Third Crusade." Journal of Medieval History 23, no. 4 (Dec. 1997): 335-349.
Owen, Douglas David Roy. Eleanor of Aquitaine: Queen and Legend. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1996.
Purcell, Maureen. "Women Crusaders: A Temporary Canonical Aberration?" In Principalities, Power and Estate: Studies in Medieval and Early Modern Government and Society, ed. Leighton O. Fappell, 57-67. Adelaide, Australia: Adelaide University Union Press, 1979.
Tranovich, Margaret. Melisende of Jerusalem. East West Publishing, 2011.
Weir, Alison. Eleanor of Aquitaine: A Life. New York: Ballantine Books, 2001.
Weiss, Daniel H. and Lisa Mahoney, editors. France and the Holy Land: Frankish Culture at the End of the Crusades. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004.
Zaydan, Jurji. Tree of Pearls, Queen of Egypt. Middle East Literature in Translation. Syracuse University Press, 2012. [NB: This is a fictional novel, not a historical source. Use with caution!!].