Themes and Topics

1. Maps and Charts: World
2. Maps: Mesopotamia and Egypt
3. Western Asia and Mesopotamia
4. Egypt
5. Indus Valley Civilization
6. Mayan and New World Civilizations
7. Maps: Greece
8. Minoans and Mycenaeans
9. Greece
10. China
11. Rome
12. Late Antiquity
13. Judaism and Islam
14. Middle Ages

1. Map: Asia-Europe Interconnection
2. Map: The Four Old-World River Valley Cultures
3. Chart: Comparative Dating Systems: BC/AD - Olympiads - AUC

MAPS: MESOPOTAMIA AND EGYPT

Mesopotamia and the Near East:
1. Color Map: The Ancient Near East
2. Map: The Fertile Crescent (color)
3. Map of the Anciet Near East PRINT AND USE THIS MAP TO HELP PREP FOR MAP EXERCISE #1
   (printing instructions: for best results, do not simply print out from this browser; download and save
   the image to disk; then open it in any paint or drawing program, and print from there--landscape
   orientation and enlarged to fit the page)
4. Map: Akkadian Empire of Sargon I of Akkad (Agade)
5. Map: Babylonian Empire
6. Map: Hittite Empire
7. Map: Neo-Assyrian Empire
8. Map: Persian Empire
9. Chart: Afro-Asiatic Family of Languages
10. Map: Afro-Asiatic and African Languages (geographical distribution)

Egypt and Nubia:
1. Map: The Nile River Basin (sources of the Nile inundation)
2. Map: Egypt (color)
3. Map: Egypt from the Egyptian World View
4. Map: Egyptian Empire (c. 1580-1070 B.C.) (color)
5. Map: Ancient Nubia

WESTERN ASIA AND MESOPOTAMIA

1. Photo: Aerial View of the City-mound of Jericho
2. Photo: Aerial View of the City of Ur with Ziggurat and Temple Complex
3. Photo: Relief of Sumerian Infantry
4. Plan of the City Ur, ca. 2100 B.C.
5. Street Plan of the City of Ur, ca. 2100 B.C.
6. Drawing: Reconstruction of the ziggurat at Ur, combined views (by Sir Leonard Woolley)
7. Photo: Stela of Hammurabi and the Code of Hammurabi (Old Babylonia), ca. 1750 B.C.
8. Photo: Stela of Hammurabi, detail of relief: Shamash presents laws to Hammurabi

EGYPT

1. Chart: Egyptian Cosmogony of Heliopolis.
2. Photo: Wall Painting, tomb of Huy, Nubian princes presenting tribute to Egyptian pharaoh (Dynasty 18).
3. Photo: Tomb painting, representation of conquered people (Asiatics, Nubians, Aegean, Libyan).
4. Photo: Wall relief, tomb of Ka-aper, portrait of Ka-aper.
5. Photo (composite): Shabaka Stone: Memphite Theology.
6. Photo: Nile River, Rising Inundation, Giza Plateau.
7. Photo: Nile River Inundation, Giza Plateau, Full-flood Stage.
8. Photo: Nile River Inundation, Dahshur, Village "Island".
9. Photo: Desert Edge in the Nile Valley at Medum.
10. Drawing: Narmer Palette, Hierakonpolis.
11. Drawing: Section of Step Pyramid of King Djoser, Saqqara, Dynasty 3: detailing five
    phases in building program leading from mastaba to step pyramid
12. Photo: Pyramid of King Khufu (Cheops) at Giza (photo by Francis Frith)
13. Drawing: Reconstruction of pyramid and pyramid temple of King Sahure, Abu Sir, Dynasty 5
14. Photo: Statue of Queen Hatshepsut
15. Photo: Statue of King Thutmose III
16. Photos: Statues of King Akhenaten and Queen Nefertiti
17. Chart: Who were the Sea People?.

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

1. Map: Modern Western Asia, Including: India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh
2. Map: Cities of the Indus Valley (Harappan) Civilization
3. Plan: Mohenjo Daro
4. Photo: Mohenjo Daro Citadel and Bath House (with later Buddhist stuppa)
5. WEB SITE OF INDUS VALLEY RESEARCH: http://www.harappa.com/har/har0.htmll
6. Timeline and Relative Chronology of Harappan Civilization
7. Photo: Great Bath at Mohenjo Daro
8. Photo: City View of Mohenjo Daro
9. Photo: Drains under Street at Harappa (brick sewers = 2.5 meters high, 5 meters deep)
10. Photo: Harappa city gate archaeological remains
11. Reconstruction: Harappa city gate
12. Reconstruction: Lothal city and harbor to the sea
13. Photo: Examples of Harappan Writing
14. Photo: More Examples of Harappan Writing

MAYAN AND NEW WORLD CIVILIZATIONS

1. Map: Mayan Civilization (Ceremonial Centers in Central America)
2. Photo: Mayan Ceremonial Center at Chichen Itza
3. Photo: Mayan Pyramid
4. Photo: Mayan Pyramid
5. Photo: Mayan Calendar (restored)

MAPS: GREECE

1. Map of the Mediterranean World: The Hellenistic East, Greece and Rome PRINT
   AND USE THIS MAP TO HELP PREP FOR MAP EXERCISE #2 (printing instructions: for best results,
   do not simply print directly from this browser. Download and save the image to disk. Then open
   the file in any paint or drawing program. Set up the printer to print on 14-inch paper, in a
   landscape orientation, and enlarge to fit to the page. Print from there.)
2. Map: Minoan Crete
3. Satellite Photo: Thera (Santorini)
4. Aerial Photo: Thera (Santorini)
5. Map: Thera (Santorini). modern
6. Map: Mycenaean Civilization
7. Map: Ancient Greece
8. Map: Troy and the Troiad, Asia Minor (modern)
9. Map: Troy and the Troiad, 1300 BC
10. Map: Magna Graecea: Ancient Greece and Her Colonies
11. Map: Ancient Greece in Roman Era
12. Map: Persian Wars
13. Map: Peloponnesian Wars
14. Map: Empire of Alexander the Great
15. Map: Hellenistic World

MINOANS AND MYCENAEANS

1. Plan: Minoan Palace at Knossos, Crete
2. Reconstruction: Minoan Palace Courtyard at Knossos, Crete
3. Photo: Section of Minoan Palace at Knossos, Crete, exterior
4. Photo: Minoan Palace, Knossos, Crete, interior--ceiling reconstructed
5. Photo: Minoan Palace, Knossos, Crete, reconstructed wall section with columns
6. Photo: Minoan Palace, Knossos, Crete, Egyptian-style storerooms (partially reconstructed)

7. Photo: Double Axes (labrys), Knossos
8. Photo: Bull's-Horns Insignia, Knossos
9. Photo: Bull-rhyton, Knossos
10. Photo: Wall Painting of Youths Vaulting Over Bull, Palace of Knossos, Crete (partially restored)
11. Photo: Wall Painting of Minoan Palace, Soldiers and Sea Battle, Akrotiri, Thera
12. Drawing (reconstructed): Phaestos Disk, Front and Back, Crete
13. Photo: Samples of Texts in Linear A, Crete
14. Photo: Statuette of Minoan Earth Goddess, Crete

    ---

15. Photo: Aerial View of Mycenae
16. Photo: Mycenae, the Lion Gate
17. Photo: Mycenae, entrance to a tholos-tomb
18. Photo: Linear B Syllabary, Fitzwilliam Tablet (Knossos). Bill of Sale for Coriander.
19. Drawing Elevation: Stratified Levels of Troy (Hisarlik)
20. Map: Routes of the Sea People's Migration
21. Drawing Egyptian Wall Relief (Medinet Habu): Naval Battle against the Sea People
22. Drawing Egyptian Wall Relief (Medinet Habu): Detail of Pelest (Philistines) and Ship
23. Chart: Who were the Sea People?.

GREECE

1. Photo: Kouros Statue, Greek Archaic Period (Metropolitan Museum of Art)
2. Photo: Greek Kouros Statue and Egyptian Statue of King Thutmose III (comparison)
3. Photo: City of Athens with Acropolis
4. Photo: Ruins of the Parthenon (temple of Athena the Virgin) on the Acropolis, Athens
5. Drawing: Greek Infantry Phalanx with Hoplite Warriors
6. Photo: Statue of Greek Hoplite Warrior

CHINA

1. Map Asia PRINT AND USE THIS MAP TO HELP PREP FOR MAP EXERCISE #3
   (printing instructions: for best results, do not simply print out from this browser; download and save
   the image to disk; then open it in any paint or drawing program, and print from there--landscape
   orientation and enlarged to fit the page)
2. Map: Modern Asia
3. Map: Modern China
4. Map: China, Neolithic Period
5. Map: China, Xia Dynasy
6. Map: China, Shang Dynasty
7. Map: China, Zhou Dynasty
8. Map: China, Spring and Autumn Period
9. Map: China, Warring States Period
10. Map: China, Qin (Ch'in) Dynasty

11. Photo: Shang Dynasty oracle inscription on tortoise shell
12. Photo: China, book and writing
13. Photo: China, Great Wall, intersecting walls near Beijing
14. Photo: China, Great Wall at Mutianyu (reconstructed)
15. Photo: China, Great Wall crossing a river gorge
16. Photo: China, Great Wall in A.D. 1907
17. Photo: China, Great Wall (reconstructed)
18. Photo: China, Great Wall (delapidated)
19. Photo: China, Great Wall and guard towers (delapidated)
20. Photo: China, Great Wall, detail of guard-tower along slope (delapidated)
21. Photo: China, Great Wall (reconstructed and repaired)
22. Photo: China, Great Wall, overgrown (1)
23. Photo: China, Great Wall, overgrown (2)
24. Photo: China, Xi'an, museum and terra cotta army of Shihuangdi
25. Photo: China, terra cotta army (2)
26. Photo: China, terra cotta soldiers under repair
27. Photo: China, terra cotta cavalryman with horse
28. Photo: China, terra cotta soldier (detail)
29. Map: Three Gorges (San Xia) Dam construction site
30. Photo: Three Gorges (San Xia): Chongqing Dam and surrounding area (satellie photo)
31. Photo: Three Gorges (San Xia): Chongqing Dam detail (satellie photo)

ROME

1. Map: Roman Empire, 1st Century A.D.
2. Map: Roman Italy
3. Map: 7 Hills of Rome, 7th Century B.C.
4. Map: Rome (7 Hills), 1st Century A.D.

5. Photo: The Capitoline She-Wolf (traditional symbol of Rome): Statue of Romulus and Remus Suckling from She-wolf (5th century B.C.)
6. Photo: Roman Aqueduct, France (Gaul)
7. Photo: Forum of Rome (Ruins)
8. Photo: Roman Triumphal Arch, Timgad (Thamugadi), Province of Numidia, North Africa
9. Photo: Hadrian's Wall (Ruins), Yorkshire, England
10. Photo: Amphitheater of Pompeii, Interior & Exterior
11. Drawing: Colosseum of Rome, reconstruction
12. Photo: Colosseum of Rome, Interior
13. Photo: Roman Concrete Walls
14. Photo: Temple of Fortuna in Nimes (France)
15. Photo: The Pantheon in Rome
16. Photo: Interior of the Great Dome of the Pantheon
17. Diagram: Typical Roman Army Legion
18. Diagram: Detail of Roman Army Legion (Centuries, Maniples and Cohorts)
19. Photo: Statue of Roman Citizen Carrying Busts of Ancestors
20. Photo: Bust of Gaius Julius Caesar
21. Photo: Bust of Gaius Octavius (Octavian), Grand-nephew and Heir of Julius Caesar
22. Photo: Statue of Emperor Caesar August (formerly Octavian) as Pontifex Maximus
23. Photo: Bust of Tiberius, Successor of Caesar Augustus
24. Photo: Bust of Caligula (Gaius Caesar), Successor of Tiberius
25. Photo: Bust of Claudius, Successor of Caligula
26. Photo: Bust of Nero, Successor of Claudius
27. Photo: Bust of Emperor Diocletian
28. Photo: Statue of Emperor Constantine

LATE ANTIQUITY

JUDAISM AND ISLAM

MIDDLE AGES